BOOK III.] History of Nature. 169 



Cave, the Lake Fundanus, and the Port Cajeta. The Town 

 Formiae, named also Hormiae, the ancient Seat (as Men 

 thought) of the Laestrigones. Beyond it was the Town 

 Pyrae, the Colony Minturnae, divided by the River Liris, 

 called Clauius. The furthest Town in the adjoins of Latium 

 is Sinuessa, which, as some have said, was commonly called 

 Sinope. Thence cometh the pleasant Country Campania. 

 From this Vale begin the Hills which are full of Vineyards, 

 and famous for Drunkenness, proceeding of the Liquor so 

 celebrated, commended in all Countries : and (as they were 

 wont to say in old Time) there was the chief Strife between 

 Father Liber and Ceres. From hence the Setine and Ce- 

 cubine Countries spread forth : and to them join the Falern 

 and Calene. Then arise the Mountains Massici, Gaurani, 

 and Surrentim. There the Laborini Fields are spread about, 

 and the good Wheat harvest to make Dainties at the table. 

 The Sea-coasts here are watered with hot Fountains ; and 

 beside. other Things through all the Sea, they are famous 

 for the rich purple Shell-fish 1 and other excellent Fishes 2 . 

 In no Place is there better Oil from the Olive ; and this 

 contest of Human pleasure, the Osci, Grecians, Umbri, 

 Tusci, and Campi, have held. In the Border of this is the 

 River Savo ; Vulturnum, the Town, with the River; Li- 

 ternum, and Cumo, inhabited by Chalcidians, Misenum, 

 the Harbour Baiae, Baiili, the Lakes Lucrinus and Aver- 

 nus, near which was once the Town Cimmerium. Then 

 Puteoli, called also the Colony Dicaearchia : after that, the 

 Plains Phlegraei, and the Marsh Acherusia, near to Cumes. 

 And by the Shore Naples 3 , a City also of the Chalcidians; 



1 The famous Tyrian dye was procured from shell-fish, but the par- 

 ticular species are not certainly known. Of the Purpura and Buccinum 

 described by Pliny in his 9th book, the former is probably the Murex 

 trunculus of Linnaeus, and the other the Purpura patula of Lamark. 

 Wern. Club. 



2 The Scarus, described by Pliny, lib. ix. 29, is perhaps intended, but 

 it is difficult to determine what the Scarus was. Baian and Lucrine oysters 

 may also be referred to; these are described, lib. ix. 79. Wern. Club. 



3 Livy, lib. viii. 22, says, " Naples was inhabited by a people that 

 came from Cumae, and the Cumans derive their origin from Chalcis, in 

 Euboaa." Wern. Club. 



