68 History of Nature. [ BOOK V . 



CHAPTER XIV. 1 

 Judaea and Galilcsa. 



ABOVE Idumaea and Samaria, Judaea spreadeth out far in 

 Length and Breadth. That part of it which joineth to Syria, 

 is called Galilaea : but that which is next to Syria and Egypt 

 is named Peraea [/. e. beyond Jordan] : full of rough Moun- 

 tains dispersed here and there : and separated from the other 

 Parts of Judaea by the River Jordan. The rest of Judaea is 

 divided into ten Toparchies, which we will speak of in order: 

 of Hiericho, planted with Date-trees ; Emmaus, well watered 

 with Fountains; Lydda, Joppica, Accrabatena, Gophnitica, 

 Thamnitica, Betholen, Tephene, and Orine, wherein stood 

 Hierosolyma, by far the most illustrious of the Cities of the 

 East, and not of Judaea only. In it also is the Toparchy 

 Herodium, with a famous Town of the same Name. 



CHAPTER XV. 

 The River Jordan* 



THE River Jordanis springeth from the Fountain Pane- 

 ades, which gave the Surname to Caesarea, whereof we will 



1 This chapter should properly have been embodied with the pre- 

 ceding, which treats of Palestine, that name having been applied by the 

 Greeks to the whole country on account of the number of the Philistines 

 always within its bounds, both before and after the final conquest of that 

 people by David and Solomon. " Judaea," in its real signification, implies 

 the whole of the country inhabited by the Jews, in fact, the whole " Land 

 of Promise," from Dan to Beersheba in length, and including the region 

 allotted to the two tribes and a half on the other side Jordan ; the term 

 was originally synonymous with " the land of Judah," but on the separa- 

 tion of the ten tribes, the latter term was applied to the territories of 

 Judah and Benjamin, then formed into a separate kingdom, and hence 

 " Judaea " also came to be applied to that district in particular. Pliny is 

 also in error in speaking of Judaea as " spreading out far in length above 

 Idumaea and Samaria" inasmuch as Samaria occupies the central portion 

 of Judaea itself, and there is, therefore, an evident contradiction in the 

 description. Wern. Club. 



2 This river rises at Caesarea Philippi; its length is 100 miles or there- 



