72 History of Nature. [BooK V. 



mais, a Colony of Claudius Ccesar, formerly called Ace. 

 The Town Ecdippa ; the Promontory Album ; Tyrus, in old 

 Time an Island, lying almost three quarters of a Mile within 

 the Deep Sea : but now, by the Besieging Works of Alexander, 

 joined to the firm Land : renowned for having produced 

 Cities of ancient Name, Leptis, Utica, and that Carthage, 

 the Rival of the Empire of Rome for the Dominion of the 

 whole World : yea and Gades, founded beyond the Bounds 

 of the Earth. But now all the Glory thereof standeth upon 

 the (Shell-fishes) Chylium and Purpura. 1 The Circumference 

 of it is 19 Miles, comprised within Palaetyrus. The Town 

 itself taketh up 22 Stadia. Near it are the Towns Lynhydra, 

 Sarepta, and Ornithon : also Sidon, where Glass is made, 

 and which is the Parent of Thebes in Boeotia. 



CHAPTER XX. 

 The Mountain Libanus. 



BEHIND it beginneth Mount Libanus, 2 and for 1500 

 Stadia it reacheth as far as to Smyrna, where it is named 

 Coele-Syria. Another Mountain equal to it, and lying oppo- 

 site to it, is called Antilibanus; with a Valley lying between, 

 which in old Time was joined (to the other Libanus) by a 

 Wall. Being past this, there is the Region Decapolis ; and 

 the above-named Tetrarchies with it, and the whole expanse 

 of Palestina. But in that Coast still along the Foot of 

 Libanus, is the River Magoras, and the Colony Berytus, 

 called also Foelix Julia. The Town Leontos ; the River 

 Lycos ; Palsebyblos ; the River Adonis ; the Towns Byblos, 

 Botrys, Gigarta, Trieris, Calamos ; and Tripolis, subject to 

 the Tyrians, Sidonians, and Aradians. Orthosia and the 

 River Eleutheros. The Towns Simyra, Marathos ; and over 

 against Aradus, Antaradus, a Town of seven Stadia ; and an 



1 See b. ix. c. 36, &c. 



2 Libanus (Lebanon) is a chain of limestone mountains; the cedars 

 for which they were formerly famed still grow there, though in reduced 

 numbers, forming a small grove, in a small hollow at the foot of the highest 

 peak. Anti- Libanus is the more lofty ridge of the two. Wern. Club. 



