BOOK VII.] History of Nature. 253 



Catapult : the Phoenicians, the Balista and the Sling. Piseus 

 the Tyrrhenian first used the hrazen Trumpet; and Arthemon 

 the Clazomenian, Tortoises. The Engine to batter Walls 

 (called sometimes the Horse, and now the Ram) was the 

 Device of Epeus at Troy. Bellerophon shewed first how to 

 ride on Horseback : Pelethronius invented the Saddle and 

 Bridle for the Horse. The Thessalians, called Centaurs, 

 inhabiting near the Mountain Pelius, were the first that 

 fought on Horseback. The Nation of the Phrygians first 

 joined two Horses to a Chariot ; and Erichthonius four. 

 Palamedes, during the Trojan War, invented the manner 

 of setting an Army in array: also the giving of a Signal, 

 the Watch-word, and the Outposts (VigiliaB). In the same 

 War, Sinon devised Watch-towers. Lycanor was the first 

 Maker of a Truce : Theseus, of Alliances : Car, from whom 

 Caria took its Name, observed first the Flight of Birds 

 (Augury) ; to which Orpheus added the Signs from other 

 Animals. Delphus invented Divination from the Entrails 

 (Aruspices) : Amphiaraus, that of the Inspection of Fire 

 (Ignispex) : Tyresias, the Theban, that of the Auspices of 

 Birds. Amphictyon gave the Interpretation of portentous 

 Sights, and of Dreams. Atlas, the Son of Libya (or, 

 as some say, the Egyptians, and as others the Assyrians), 

 invented Astrology ; and in that Science, Anaximander the 

 Milesian devised the Sphere. The Explanation of the 

 Winds was given by JEolus, the Son of Helen. Amphion 

 invented Music. The Flute and the single Pipe 1 were 

 the Invention of Pan, the Son of Mercury. The oblique 

 Cornet was by Midas in Phrygia ; and in the same Country 

 Marsyas invented the Double Flute ; Amphion taught the 

 Lydian Measures; Thamyras the Thracian, the Dorian; and 

 Marsyas of Phrygia, the Phrygian. Amphion, likewise (or, 

 as some say, Orpheus, and according to others, Linus}, played 

 first on the Lute. 2 Ter pander added seven Strings to it; 

 Simonides added the eighth ; and Timotheus the ninth. Tha- 

 myras was the first that played on the Lute without Song, 



1 Fistula and Monaiilus. Wern. Club. a Cithara. Wern. Club. 



