34 History of Nature. [BooK VIII. 



other on their Breast, whereon they rest when they lie down. 

 Both sorts are without the upper Row of Teeth, like Oxen. 

 In those Countries they all serve to carry Burdens like 

 labouring Horses ; and they are even rode like Horses in 

 Battles. Their Swiftness is comparable to that of Horses ; 

 but they differ one from another in this, as they do also in 

 Strength. The Camel in his Travelling will not go further 

 than his ordinary Journey, neither will he carry more than 

 his accustomed Load. Naturally they hate Horses. 1 They 

 can sustain Thirst for four Days together; and when they 

 find Occasion to drink, they fill themselves full enough to 

 serve both for the Past and Future ; but before they drink, 

 they trample with their Feet to trouble the Water, for other- 

 wise they take no Pleasure in drinking. They live for fifty 

 Years, and some of them an hundred. These Creatures, also, 

 as it were, fall to be mad. Also a Method hath been disco- 

 vered of castrating the very Females, to make them service- 

 able in War ; for if the sexual Disposition be denied to them, 

 they become stronger. 



There are two other Kinds of Beasts 2 which resemble in 



1 In a state of nature this appears to be the case ; while at Smyrna, 

 and other parts of Asia, the horse and camel are constantly seen, each 

 occupied in its respective labours, in friendly harmony ; this may, indeed, 

 be only the effect of hereditary habit, the animals having been so long 

 accustomed to each other; for at Pisa, where the camel has been intro- 

 duced not much more than two centuries, we are informed by Professor 

 Santi, that it is necessary to accustom the horses of the neighbourhood to 

 the sight of the camel, as without such precaution constant accidents 

 would occur. And Herodotus relates (Clio, 80), that when Cyrus met 

 the Lydian army, commanded by Croesus, fearing the cavalry of his 

 enemy, he unloaded the baggage camels, and placed soldiers upon them, 

 with orders to march against the enemy's cavalry ; this he did, as Hero- 

 dotus says, because " the horse has a dread of the camel, and cannot bear 

 either to see the form, or to smell the scent of him." And the stratagem 

 of Cyrus succeeded, for the horses no sooner saw and smelt the camels, 

 than they turned back, and the hopes of Croesus were destroyed. Wern. 

 Club. 



2 Pliny, in the original, implies that there are two other kinds of 



