100 EVOLUTION 



knownjmthropoid apes (gorilla, chimpanzee, 

 orang and gibbon), birLfrom a stock common 

 taJbem-and to him; therefore it is likely that 

 the human^ stock had~-4.iverged before the 

 ' TT]fi anthropoid ap_es are known 



a distinct family, 



namely in the Miocene. 



It is possible that man arose asjjnutatipn, 

 as an anthropoid genius in short, but tlie 

 factors that led to his emergence are all 

 unknown. We must remember, however, 

 that the stock of Primates ^_to^wiiichji^ is 

 zoologically affiliated Js markedjby great in- 

 telligejice, and that we find illustrated 

 amongst them some very significant habits 

 of walking half erect, of using sticks and 

 stones, of building shelters, of living in fami- 

 lies, of co-operating in bands, and of talking 

 a good deal, ^e^anthroppid apes are not 

 social, but, many monkeys Tare, and there 

 can be little doubt that man was from the 

 first distinctively social. "Man did not 

 mak^society ; society made man. 



The uncertainties as to man's pedigree 

 and antiquity are still great, and it is unde- 

 niably difficult to discover the factors in 

 his emergence and ascent. Therefore, while 

 holding firmly to the general conclusion to 

 which the facts all point, we do well to treat 

 the problem with all reverence, especially 



