188 PRIMITIVE TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE 



The results of his experiment are summed up in the following 

 table: 



No. removed Distance in inches Number returned 



In 2 tides Jn 4 tides Later 



25 6 21 



21 12 13 5 



21 18 10 6 2 



36 24 113 



While the majority found their way back when removed but 

 a few inches, only one returned from a distance of two feet. 

 The return of the limpets was watched in many cases and 

 found to be " fairly, but not quite direct." When the 

 limpets reach their scar " they twist and turn about so as to 

 fit down in the normal position, which is constant. When 

 they come up the wrong way round they rotate pretty 

 rapidly through the 180 degrees to get into position." 



According to Bohn, Patellas when they have remained for 

 some time in a certain position, whether horizontal, vertical 

 or oblique, orient themselves in a similar position after they 

 have been removed from their original habitat. Even if 

 they are allowed to remain on their particular scars and the 

 rock to which they adhere is turned in another position they 

 become uneasy and crawl around until they find a niche in 

 which they may lie in their previous orientation. 



It is among the active and highly organized cephalopods 

 with their large and complex nervous centers and highly 

 developed organs of vision that we naturally expect to find 

 the highest degree of psychic development. Unfortunately 

 we have very few observations on this head. Schneider 

 relates that a young octopus which be observed in the 

 Naples aquarium made an attack on a hermit crab living 

 within a shell upon which were several anemones. In 

 approaching the crab the octopus was stung by the net- 

 tling cells of the anemones and quickly withdrew. There- 



