MENTAL LIFE OF APES AND MONKEYS 263 



ing his rug over objects at some distance from his cage and 

 pulling them in. If a nut or piece of banana was placed be- 

 yond his reach outside his cage he would get his rug from his 

 bed, stuff it with considerable labor between the bars of his 

 cage, and throw it like a net over the desired object. He 

 was taught to substitute a stick for the rug and succeeded 

 in employing it to secure bits of food. The next day he 

 learned to use a short stick in order to reach a longer one 

 with which he could secure a piece of banana. " I put my 

 stick," says Hobhouse, "out of his reach, and a piece of 

 banana beyond it again, while I gave him a short stick. He 

 did not, however, use it until I first pushed the big stick about 

 with it. He then made an attempt to reach my stick with 

 the short one, but without success. I then gave him 

 rather a larger stick, with which he at once tried to reach 

 mine, but instead of getting hold of it he knocked it slant- 

 wise, so that one end was farther off from him than before, 

 and one end nearer. He now directed his stick to the 

 nearer end, pulled mine in, and with its aid reached the 

 banana." 



The chimpanzee would use his stick in different ways 

 according to circumstances. "The banana was generally 

 given him inside a cigar box. He would reach out with 

 his stick at the box, and sweep it round by a radial motion, 

 so that in so doing he was not obeying the natural impulse 

 to draw it straight toward him, but merely was bringing 

 it to a point to which he could afterward go and get it. One 

 half of his cage, however, was covered with plate glass, 

 so that if, in describing a quarter circle he swept the box up 

 against the glass he could not reach it at once with his arm. 

 He would then alter the motion, and rake with the point of the 

 stick, drawing the box hi in a straight line. When he had to 

 fish for a box close to the wall, he would take trouble to get 



