288 



INDEX 



Hobhouse, L. T., problem of learn- 

 ing, 176 

 reason in animals, 249, 276, 277 



Hodge, C. F., and Aikins, H. A., 

 change of behavior in 

 Vorticella, 89 



Holmes, S. J., 61, 89, 179, 231; 

 behavior of Loxophyllum, 

 16, 25, 35, 79-81, 141 

 instincts of Amphithce, 93, 94; 



of young terns, 96, 97 

 learning in crayfish, 185, 186; 



in sunfish, 223 



phototaxis of blow-fly larvae, 

 42, 43; of earthworm, 43, 

 44, 54; of Eubranchipus, 

 54; of fiddler crabs, 48, 

 56, 140; of Jassa, 49; of 

 Notonecta, 55; of Or- 

 chestia, 46, 48, 49, 51, 55; 

 of Ranatra, 48, 51, 52, 55, 

 56, 140; of Talorchestia, 

 42, 54 



reactions of mosquito larvae to 

 shadows, 142 



Holt, E. B., and Lee, F. S., 61 



Horse, locality memory, 246-248 



Hudson, W. H., 114, fear in birds, 

 121-123 



Huggins, G. E., learning in cray- 

 fish, 184 



Huggins, Dr., variant instinct in a 

 dog, 134 



Hutchinson, W. N., 258, imitation 

 in dogs, 256 



Huxley, T. H., 10 



Hyalella, change of phototaxis by 

 chemicals, 50 



Hydra, geotaxis, 30 



reactions to chemicals, 28 

 reactions to repeated stimula- 

 tion, 141, 145 

 thigmotaxis, 36 



Hydroides, reaction to repeated 

 stimulation by shadows, 

 142 



Imitation in ants, 209, 210, 254 



in birds, 254, 257 



in cats, 255 



in fishes, 253 



in monkeys, 262, 270 ff 



in raccoons, 255 



in rats, 255 



in dogs, 255, 256 

 Insects, compensatory motions, 40 



geotaxis, 32 



instincts, 93, 95, 98, 104, 105, 

 108, 110, 118-120, 124- 

 133, 140, 191 ff 



intelligence in, 191 ff 



photokinesis, 42 



phototaxis, 42, 43, 48, 51, 55 



rheotaxis, 38 



seat of instincts, 104 



thigmotaxis, 36 

 Instinct, 108 



analysis of, 21 



deferred, 96, 97 



defined, 92 



dependence on internal con- 

 ditions, 110 ff 



evolution of, 115 ff 



human, 100 



illustrations of, 93, 95 



imperfection of, 95, 96 



and intelligence, 112 



internally initiated, 107 ff 



modified by experience, 166 



popular conception of, 94, 95 



and reflex action, 99 ff 



transitoriness of, 99 



variability, 131 ff 

 Intelligence, beginnings of, 164 ff 



criterion of, 181 



deceptive appearances of, 159 



in amphibians, 227-229 



in apes, 260 



in birds (chick), 165, 166, 176- 

 178 



in crustaceans, 182-187 



in fishes, 219-227 



in insects, 191 ff 



