294 



INDEX 



Sondheim, M., 216, intelligence of 

 damsel-fly, larvae, 191, 

 192 



Spallanzani, Abbe, clasping instinct 

 of brainless male frog, 106 

 Sparrows, fear in, 122 

 Spaulding, D. A., 114, instincts of 



chicks, 99 

 Spaulding, E. G., 190, learning in 



hermit crabs, 186, 187 

 Spence, W. See Kirby. 

 Spencer, H., 10, 114, 138, 179, 

 definition of instinct, 91, 

 107 



Lamarckian theory of instinct, 

 127 



mental evolution, 1, 9 

 origin of instinct, 116, 117 

 pleasure and pain, 167, 172- 



175 

 relation of intelligence to other 



activities, 139 

 Spider crabs, instincts for disguise- 



ment, 104 



Spiders, devouring their eggs, 96 

 geotaxis, 32 

 instincts of young, 98 

 Spirillum, chemotaxis, 27 



geotaxis, 29 



Spirostomum, geotaxis, 30 

 Stahl, E., chemotaxis in myxomy- 



cetes, 23 



Staphylococcus, attracting leu- 

 cocytes, 26 

 Starfish, habit formation, 154-155, 



158 



Statkewitsch, P., reaction of Para- 

 moecium to induction 

 shocks, 144 

 Statocysts, functions of in crusta- 



cea, 31 



function in Ctenophores, 30 

 Stentor, effect of hunger on, 150 

 modifiability of behavior, 49, 



82-86, 141, 145, 150 

 phototaxis, 44, 49, 82 



Stentor, reactions, 15, 81-86 



rhythms, 16 

 Stereotropism, 33 ff, 42 

 Stickleback, intelligence, 226 

 Stoichactis, varied reactions, 146 

 Stone, intelligence of dog, 250, 251 

 Strasburger, E., 62, effect of tem- 

 perature on phototaxis of 

 swarm spores, 49 

 Sunfish, intelligence, 223 

 Surface tension theory of move- 

 ments of Amoeba, 67 

 Swallows, instinct of flight, 97 

 Swarm spores, change of photo- 

 taxis, 47 



Talorchestia, photokinesis, 42 



phototaxis, 42, 54 

 Temora, phototaxis changed by 



contact, 50 

 Temperature, effect on phototaxis, 



49 

 reactions of organisms to, 58, 



59 

 Terns, fear in, 96, 97 



feigning death, 96, 97 

 undefined instinct of young, 96 

 Thermotaxis, 58, 59 



in Paramcecium, 58, 75 

 in Planaria, 59 

 Thigmotaxis, 33-36, 42 

 Thompson-Seton, E., 258 

 Thoradike, E. L., 231, 258, 279, 

 animal intelligence, nature 

 of, 235-242, 251, 252, 255 

 imitation in monkeys, 270 

 intelligence in cats, 166, 167 

 intelligence of monkeys, 261, 



262 



Titchner, E. B., 10 

 Toads, intelligence, 227, 228 

 Toenjies, H., 258 

 Torelle, E., 62 



Torrey, H. B., effect of hunger on 

 food reactions of Sagartia, 

 150 



