INDEX 



295 



Torrey, H. B., geotaxis in Cory- 



morpha, 31 



geotaxis in Sagartia, 30 

 Tortoise, intelligence, 229, 230 

 Towle, E., phototaxis of Cypri- 



dopsis, 50 

 Triplett, N., 231, intelligence of 



perch, 220, 221 

 Triton, intelligence, 227 

 Tropisms, 2, 18 ff 

 Turner, C. H., 216, homing of 



burrowing bees, 198, 199 



homing of mud dauber, 200 



Twain, Mark, imbecility of ants, 95 



Uexkull, J. von, 17, 163, 190, intelli- 

 gence in Eledone, 189 

 tonus, 149 



Verworn, M., 62, 90, function of 

 statocyst in Ctenophores, 

 30 



geotaxis, 34 



thigmotaxis, 34 



thigmotaxis in Oxytricha, 35 

 Voltaire, 91 

 Volvox, phototaxis, 47 

 Vorticella, change of behavior, 89 



reactions, 15 



rhythms, 16 



Wagner, G., reactions of Hydra, 



141, 145 

 Wagner, M., 217, bumble bees, 208, 



209, 215 



communication in bees, 215 

 homing of bees, 193 

 Wallace, A. R., 280 

 Walter, H. E., 62, reactions of 



planarians to changes of 



light intensity, 142-143; 



to repeated jarring, 141 

 Walton, C. L. See Fleure, 159. 

 Washburn, M. F., 10 

 Washburn, M. F., and Bentley, I. 



M., 231 



Washburn, M. F., intelligence of 



chub, 222 



Wasmann, E., 10, 114, 217, com- 

 munication in ants, 214 

 courage in bees, 207 

 imitation in ants, 210, 254 

 intelligence of animals, nature 



of, 181 

 intelligence of ants, 193, 205, 



211 

 intelligence of apes, 268, 276, 



277 



plasticity of behavior, 139 

 Wasps, homing, 193-196, 200, 201 

 intelligence, 192-196, 200, 201, 



203, 204 



instincts, 119, 120, 131, 132 

 Watkins, G. P., 90 

 Watson, J. B., 258, 280, imitation 



in monkeys, 270, 272 

 Weismann, A., 138, contra La- 



marckism, 127 

 Wheeler, W. M., 217, imitation in 



ants, 209, 210 

 White, G., intelligence in tortoise, 



229, 230 



Whitman, C. O., 138, evolution of 



instinct, 115, 116, 121, 135 



Lamarckism, 124 



intelligence of Xectunis, 227 



origin of instincts in pigeons, 



135 



varied behavior of Clepsine, 111 

 Willcox, M. A., 190 

 Witmer, L., 280, intelligence of 



chimpanzee, 266, 267 

 imitation in chimpanzee, 272, 



273 

 Wodsedalek, J., intelligence of 



May-fly nymph, 192 

 Wundt, W., 138, origin of instinct, 

 118 



Yerkes, A. W., 163, reactions of 

 Hydroides to shadows, 

 142 



