28 THE EVOLUTION OF MAN 



resemblance with the anthropoids is most pronounced. They 

 are both, however, in part at least, explicable as a response to 

 great muscular development of neck and jaw. As Keith says 

 of him, certain peculiarities of his were distinctly simian, but 

 not all of them, as he possessed other traits distinctly his own. 



The following ideas have been advanced concerning the 

 status of this interesting race : that he was the product of 

 disease; that he was ancestral to modern man, representing 

 the Pleistocene stage in human evolution; that he was merely 

 an extreme variant of modern man himself, who had retained 

 an unusual share of ape-like traits. The present opinion, how- 

 ever, looks upon him as "a separate and peculiar species of 

 man which died out during or soon after the Mousterian 

 period" (Keith). 



Modern representatives of Neandertal man. As a race, 

 Homo neandertalensis is surely extinct. Whether or not his 

 blood has entirely vanished from the earth is not known, for in 

 diverse people, as, for instance, a certain Holland strain, the 

 so-called Old Black breed of the Shetland Islands, and again in 

 the west of Ireland, we find certain Neandertal characters still 

 prevalent, but not all of them. The same thing is also true 

 of the Australian natives, whose physiognomy is often very 

 suggestive of the Neandertals, so much so that they have been 

 held by certain authors to be persistent representatives of that 

 race. But while many individuals show one or more of the 

 distinctive characters, no one individual ever possesses all. 



Rhodesian Man (Homo rhodesiensis) 



The exact place of the interesting relic from Broken Hill 

 mine, northern Rhodesia (see supra, page 12), is yet to be 

 established, both from the standpoint of antiquity and the 

 position that it holds in its human relationship. The preserved 

 remains, probably complete when found by the workmen, con- 



