DEFINITIONS OF THE FOUR SEGREGATIVE PRINCIPLES. 53 



3. Definitions of the Four Segregative Principles. 



First. Partition is the setting of individuals in groups, the members 

 of each group associating with each other and securing what Pro- 

 fessor Giddings calls "socialization," and what Professor Baldwin 

 calls "social generalization," through learning from each other. 



Second. Success (of which election is the discriminate, and, therefore, 

 the more important form) . Election is the superior influence of such 

 individuals as have best attained the ideals, habitudes, and acquired 

 characters fitting them for individual success and leadership; and 

 the inferior success and influence of those that are deficient in the 

 same ideals, habitudes, and acquired characters. The term ' ' imitative 

 selection" has been defined by Professor Baldwin as produced by 

 "imitative propagation from mind to mind with social heredity"; 

 and as resulting in "survival of ideas in society."* Imitative selec- 

 tion seems, therefore, to cover, at least in part, what I call election. 

 I have not, however, been able to use it in the analysis given in this 

 chapter; for in my tables selection is applied only to factors deter- 

 mining the survival of innate variations, and, therefore, influencing 

 racial heredity. The indiscriminate form of success I usually call 

 indiscriminate failure ; for it is most effective in producing divergent 

 types when indiscriminate slaughter, or absorption by a more power- 

 ful race, leaves only small and isolated fragments of the original type 

 of civilization. 



Tarde emphasizes the importance of "the suggestive and con- 

 tagious influence of certain select individuals upon the group as a 

 whole, "f 



Third. Isolation is the setting of individuals in groups, the 

 members of each group intergenerating, and so securing racial 

 generalization (or fundamental unity of inheritance) within each 

 group, while between the groups there is prevention of free crossing. 



Fourth. Survival (of which selection is the discriminate, and, 

 therefore, the more important form) . Selection is the survival (that 

 is, the continuance from generation to generation) of those individ- 

 uals whose innate characters give them the advantage over others in 

 coming to maturity and reproducing. It avails nothing in selection 

 for individuals to complete their normal term of life, unless they 

 leave offspring in due proportion; and numerous offspring avails 



* See Appendix B, Social and Ethical Interpretations, 1897; also Science, No- 

 vember 19, 1897, p. 770; also Development and Evolution, 1902, p. 166. 



t See" Social Laws," p. 46 of the translation published by The MacMillan Co., 

 New York. 



