ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XI 11 



Page 

 The European Mistletoe ( Viscum album), - - 206 

 Bushes of Mistletoe upon the Black Poplar in 



winter, 207 



Loranthus Europccus and Mistletoe ( Viscum 



album) — both parasitic on branches of trees, 



and seen in section. A piece of Fir-tree 



perforated by the sinkers of a Mistletoe, - 209 

 Porous Cells of Fork-moss, Bog-moss, and an 



Orchid root, 219 



Aerial Roots of an Orchid epiphytic upon bark 



of the branch of a tree, .... 221 

 Aerial Roots with root-hairs, - 224 



Hairs and Leaves which retain Dew and Rain, - 228 

 Cauline and Capitate Hairs, .... 229 

 Absorption of Water by Foliage-leaves, - - 232 

 Absorptive Cavities and Cups on Foliage-leaves, 233 

 Water-receptacles in Plants, - 239 



Gelatinous Lichens, - 244 



Fruticose and Foliaceous Lichens, - - - 245 

 Roots with Mycelial Mantle; Mycelium entering 



into the external cells, .... 250 



Olive Grove on the Shores of Lake Garda, - - 275 

 Transpiring Cells, ------ 278 



Spongy Tissue of Franciscea eximia and Dap/me 



Laureola, ------- 279 



Corypha umbraculifera of Ceylon, ... 289 

 Stomata of Ncphrodium Filix-mas and Peperomia 



arifolia, ------- 294 



Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Papilla- 

 like outgrowths of the Surface, - - - 295 

 Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Cuticular 



Pegs, 296 



Over-arched Stomata of Australian Proteacese, - 297 

 Stomata in Pit-like Depressions, ... 298 



Stomata in the Furrows of Green Stems, - - 299 

 Transverse Sections through Rolled Leaves, - 301 

 Orchids whose Stomata lie in Hollow Tubercles, - 300 

 Vertical Section through a Rolled Leaf, - - 303 

 Thickened Stratified Cuticle, - - - - 310 



Caryota propinqua, ------ 311 



Vertical Section of Leaf of Caryota propinqua, - 312 

 Edelweiss (Gnaphalium Leontopodium), - - 315 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 321 

 Covering Hairs of various plants, - - - 322 

 Flinty armour of Rochea falcata, ... 323 



Switch-plants, ------- 331 



Switch-shrubs, sections of Stems, - - - - 332 



Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 333 



Plants with Leaf-like Branches (Cladodes), - 335 



Compass Plants, -.---- 337 



Folding of Grass-leaves (Sesleria tenuifolia), - 341 

 Folding of Grass-leaves {Stipa capillata and Fes- 



tuca alpestris), ------ 342 



Folding of Grass-leaves (Lasiagrostis Calama- 



grostis and Fcstuca Porcii), - - - - 343 

 Folding of Grass-leaves (Festuca punctoria), - 345 

 Folding of Moss-leaves (Polytrichum commune), - 346 

 Unfolding of Leaves of various plants, - - 349 



Page 

 Leaf-unfolding of the Tulip-tree, ... 352 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, .... 353 



Leaf-fall of the Horse-chestnut, ... - 361 

 Indian Climbing Palms (Rotang), - - - 363 

 Lianes, Stems of, ----- - 364 



Aroids, with cord-like aerial roots, - - - 365 

 Position of the Chlorophyll-granules in the cells 



of the Ivy-leaved Duckweed [Lemna trisulca), 382 

 Plan of Whorled Phyllotaxis, - - - - 397 



Plan for Spiral Phyllotaxis, .... 400 



Plan of Five-thirteenths Phyllotaxis, - - - 401 

 Parastichies of a Pine-cone, - - - 403 



Displacement of the leaf-positions in consequence 



of torsion of the stem, - 407 



Leaf-mosaic, Leaf-rosettes, and Scale-like Leaves, 410 

 Formation of a Leaf-mosaic, - - - - 411 

 Spruce Firs (Abies excelsa), - 415 



Erect Leafy Twig of the Norway Maple, - - 416 

 Twisting of Internodes and Leaf-stalks, - - 417 

 Horizontally growing Leafy Twig of the Paper 



Mulberry-tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), - 418 

 Leafy Twig projecting laterally from the Stem of 



the Norway Maple (Acer platanoides), - - 419 

 Leaf-mosaics of Unsymmetrical Leaves, - - 420 

 Mosaic of Leaves of unequal size, ... 421 

 Mosaic of Unsymmetrical Leaves of unequal size, 422 

 Leaf-mosaic (Ivy), ------ 423 



Acantholimon and spiny Tragacanth-shrubs, - 435 

 Group of Thistles (Cirsium nemorale), - - 436 



Acanthus spinosissimus, ----- 437 



Weapons of Plants, 439 



Weapons of Plants, -..-.- 449 

 Chemical Diagrams (three), .... 453 



Chemical Diagram, 454 



Crystals and Crystalloids in Plant-cells, - - 457 

 Various Forms of Starch-grains, - 459 



Portion cut from a Branch (diagrammatic), - 469 



Organs for Removal of Substances, - - - 471 

 Rhynchosia phaseoloides, a Liane with ribbon-like 



Stems, 475 



Transverse sections of Liane Stems, - - - 477 

 Leafless Branches of Tecoma radicans, rooted on 



a wall, - - 479 



Elevation of a Block of Stone in consequence of 



the growth in thickness of a Larch Root, - 515 

 Alpine Willows with stems and branches clinging 



to the ground, ------ 524 



Periodic bending of Flowers and Inflorescences, - 531 

 Alteration of Position of Leaflets in Compound 



Leaves, ------- 533 



Mimosa pudica in day and night positions, - - 537 

 Mountain Pines (Pinus humilis) in the Tyrol, - 549 

 Detachment of special shoots of Potamogeton 



crispus, for hibernation under water, - - 551 

 Edible Lichen (Lecanora esculenta) in the desert, 555 

 Changes in the Protoplasm of the Cell -nucleus 



during its division, ----- 581 

 Laminarias in the North Sea, - - - . 588 



