ZYMO-EXCITATORS OR KINASES 219 



such as greater sensitiveness to alkalies, from intestinal entero- 

 kinase. 



Bayliss and Starling found, however, that this did not apply 

 to pancreatic juice, which they found remained inactive not only 

 when treated with active glycerine pancreatic extract supplied 

 by Vernon, but also when acidified with weak or strong acid and 

 then neutralised or made alkaline after varying periods, or when 

 left in contact with fibrin, yeast, takadiastase, platinum black, 

 gastric juice in acid or alkaline media, saliva, hydrogen peroxide, 

 and sodium amalgam. The juice stood most of these treatments 

 extremely well that is, it could be activated afterwards by entero- 

 kinase. The authors accordingly regard the action of enterokinase 

 as absolutely specific. 



They were unable to confirm the statement of Delezenne 

 mentioned above, that fibrin took up enterokinase from solution, 

 as also that enterokinase could be obtained from lymphatic glands 

 or Payer's patches as stated by Delezenne, but found it specific- 

 ally confined to the mucous membrane of the small intestine in 

 its upper portion, extracts of the mucous membrane of the ileum 

 being inactive. 



Further evidence brought forward later by Bayliss and Starling 

 against trypsin being considered as any compound of trypsinogen 

 and enterokinase was derived from the formation of the antibody 

 (antikinase) in the animal's serum, as a result of subcutaneous 

 injection of enterokinase. On the view of Delezenne, the anti- 

 tryptic action of normal serum must be due to antikinase, trypsin 

 consisting of kinase (enterokinase) and trypsinogen, and hence 

 subcutaneous injection of kinase (enterokinase) should increase 

 the antitryptic action of serum. This, however, it was not found 

 to do, but to produce a directly antikinasic body instead, neutralis- 

 ing enterokinase if it were allowed to act upon this before the 

 mixture was added to a trypsinogen solution. 



The authors, therefore, conclude that the antitrypsin of normal 

 serum is really antitrypsin or the antibody of a specific sub- 

 stance trypsin, and not antikinase. 



Activation in the case of the superoxydases is produced by 

 minute traces of alkalies, which cause a marked increase in the 

 action upon peroxide of hydrogen possessed by the solutions of 

 most enzymes and tissue extracts. 



The action of the manganese salts in increasing the power of 



