42 



fPia mater, a vascular membrane investing cord and continuous with 

 MEMBRANES LINING I Dura mater lining canal ^ red)< 



IN " I Arachnoid superficial to pia mater and dura mater, and secreting arachnoid 

 VESTING CORD ^ flu id (blue). 



Fro. 5 and DIAG. 3. CRANIAL NERVES, and their distribution 



I. Olfactory (L. oleo, I smell) distributed to olfactory sac, as shown in Diag. 1. 

 II. Optic distributed to eye (Diag. 3). 



III. Oculo-motor (L. oculus, eye ; motor, mover) distributed to four muscles of eye (Diag. 3). 



IV. Pathetic distributed to superior oblique muscle (Diag. 3). 

 V. Trigeminal dilates into Gasserian ganglion giving off 



V 1 . Orbito-nasal or ophthalmic distributed chiefly to the nasal chamber. 

 V 2 . Superior maxillary distributed to upper jaw. 



V 3 . Inferior maxillary or mandibular distributed to lower jaw or mandible. 

 VI. Abducens (L. abduco, I draw away) distributed to external rectus muscle (Diag. 3). 

 VII. Facial or portio dura (blue) dividing at Gasserian ganglion into 

 VII". Or anterior distributed chiefly to the palate. 

 VIP. Or posterior dividing into a branch to the hyoid and a branch to mandible by way 



of tympanic cavity = chorda tympani (L. cord of the drum). 

 VIII. Auditory or portio mollis distributed to the auditory capsule (Diag. 1). 

 IX. Glossopharynge'al (Gr. glossa, the tongue ; pliarunx, the throat) distributed to tongue and 



pharynx (yellow). 



X. Pncumogastric (Gr. iJtwimon, the lungs; gaster, the stomach) or Vagus (L. wandering) (red) 

 X 1 . Cutaneous branch distributed to dorsal integument. 

 X'-'. Cardiac branch distributed to heart. 

 X 3 . Laryngeal branch distributed to larynx. 

 X 4 . Pulmouic branch distributed to lungs. 

 X. Gastric branch distributed to gullet and stomach. 



FIG. G. N EiiVES OP HiND-LiMB, bones displaced to show nerves of dorsal surface 



SCIATIC I Perone'al (Gr. perone, the fibula) running beside peroneus muscle. 



1 Posterior tibial running besido tibialis posticus muscle. 

 MUSCULAR SYSTEM 



DIAG. 3. MUSCLES OF EYE. 



FIG. 7. SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF HIND-LIMB. Frog dissected when laid on back, with dorsal surface of 

 foot uppermost. 



Name. Origin. Insertion. 



Adductores brevis, magnus, and Pelvis. Femur. 



longus. 

 Sartorius. 



TIIIGH 



LEG 



Kectus interims major. 

 Rectus internus minor. 

 Vastus internus. 



( Gastrocnemius, the bulk of the calf of the leg 

 (Gr. gaster, the belly; kneme, the leg). 

 Tibialis posticus (L. posterior tibial). 

 Peroue'us. 

 Tibialis anticus (L. anterior tibial). 



Extensor cruris breris (L. short extender of 



the leg). 

 Flexor tarsi anterior (L. anterior bender of 



the tarsus). 



Pubis. 



Pubis. 

 Pelvis. 

 Pelvis', near to 



hip-joint. 

 Partly fp.mur, 



partly crus. 

 Crus. 

 Femur. 

 Femur. 



Femur. 

 Femur. 



Crus, inner side of 



knee-joint. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Ending in tendo 



Achillis. 

 Astragalus. 

 Calcaneum. 

 Astragalus and 



calcaneum. 

 Crus. 



Astragalus. 



