xii THE ORDER PRIMATES 157 



them iri the first chapter of Huxley's Man's Place in Nature, 

 the animal now called gorilla was, without doubt, the pongo, 

 well known to and clearly described by our countryman, 

 Andrew Battle, a contemporary of Shakespeare ; and that a 

 really accurate and scientific account of the anatomy of the 

 chimpanzee had been published as far back as 1699 by Dr. 

 Edward Tyson, who, as the first English comparative anatomist, 

 I am proud to claim as in some sort a predecessor in the chair 

 I have the honour to hold in London, as he is described on 

 the title-page of his work as " Reader of Anatomy at Chirurgeons' 

 Hall." 



Linnaeus was, however, not acquainted with these, and his 

 second species of the genus Homo, H. troglodytes, and his first 

 of the genus Simla, S. satyrus, were both made up of vague 

 and semi - fabulous accounts of the animals now known as 

 chimpanzees and orangs, but hopelessly confounded together. 

 Of the gorilla, and what is stranger still, of any of the large 

 genus of gibbons, or long-armed apes of South-eastern Asia, he 

 had at the time he revised the Systema no idea. 



The remaining monkeys, we now know, fall into three 

 very distinct sections : the Cercopitliecidce of the Old World, 

 and the Cebidce and Hapalidce of the New, or by whatever 

 other names we may like to designate them. Although 

 members of all three groups appear in the list in the Systema, 

 they are all confusedly mixed together. Even that the 

 American monkejta belong to a totally different stock from 

 those of the Old World does not seem to have been suspected. 



The genus Lemur of Linnaeus comprehends five species, of 

 which the first four were all the then known forms of a most 

 interesting section of the .Mammalia. These animals, mostly 

 inhabitants of the great island of Madagascar, though some 

 are found in the African continent, and others in some of the 

 Southern and Eastern parts of Asia, constitute a well-defined 

 group, but one of which the relations are very uncertain. At 

 one time, as in the system of Linnaeus, they were closely 

 associated with the monkeys. As more complete knowledge 

 of their organisation has been gradually attained, the interval 

 which separates them structurally from those animals has 

 become continually more evident, and since they cannot be 



