xvin CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THREE TYPES 277 



development of beard; an almost invariably dolichocephalic 

 skull ; small and moderately retreating malar bones (mesopic 

 face) ; a very broad and flat nose, platyrhine in the skeleton ; 

 moderate or low orbits ; prominent eyes ; thick, everted lips ; 

 prognathous jaws ; large teeth (macrodont) ; a narrow pelvis 

 (index in the male 90 to 100); a long forearm (humero- 

 radial index 80), and certain other proportions of the body 

 and limbs which are being gradually worked out and reduced 

 to numerical expression as material for so doing accumulates. 



The most characteristic examples of the second great type, 

 the Mongolian or Xanthous, or " yellow," have a yellow or 

 brownish complexion ; black, coarse, straight hair, without any 

 tendency to curl, and nearly round in section, on all other 

 parts of the surface except the scalp, scanty and late in 

 appearing ; a skull of variable form, mostly mesocephalic 

 (though extremes both of dolichocephaly and brachycephaly 

 are found in certain groups of this type) ; a broad and flat 

 face, with prominent, anteriorly - projecting malar bones 

 (platyopic face) ; nose small, mesorhine or leptorhine ; orbits 

 high and round, with very little development of glabella or 

 supraciliary ridges ; eyes sunken, and with the aperture between 

 the lids narrow ; in the most typical members of the group 

 with a vertical fold of skin over the inner canthus, and with 

 the outer angle slightly elevated ; jaws mesognathous ; teeth 

 of moderate size (mesodont). The proportions of the limbs and 

 form of the pelvis iave yet to be worked out, the results at 

 present obtained showing great diversity among different indi 

 viduals of what appear to be well-marked races of the group, 

 but this is perhaps due to the insufficient number of individuals 

 as yet examined with accuracy. 



The last type, which, for want of a better name, I still call 

 by that which has the priority, Caucasian or " white," has 

 usually a light-complexioned skin (although in some, in so far 

 aberrant cases, it is as dark as in the Negroes) ; hair fair or 

 black, soft, straight, or wavy, in section intermediate between 

 the flattened and cylindrical form ; beard fully developed ; 

 form of cranium various, mostly mesocephalic; malar bones 

 retreating ; face narrow and projecting in the middle line 

 (pro-opic) ; orbits moderate ; nose narrow and prominent 



