xvin ETHIOPIAN RACES 279 



complexion, with very frizzly hair, which, being less abundant 

 than that of the ordinary negro, has the appearance of growing 

 in separate tufts. The forehead and chin are narrow, and the 

 cheekbones wide, giving a lozenge shape to the whole face. 

 The nose is very flat, and the lips prominent. In their 

 anatomical peculiarities, and in almost everything except size, 

 the Bushmen agree with the Hottentots ; they have, however, 

 some special characters, for, while they are the most platyrhine 

 of races, the prognathism so characteristic of the Negro type is 

 nearly absent. This, however, may be the retention of an 

 infantile character so often found in races of diminutive stature, 

 as it is in all the smaller species of a natural group of animals. 

 The cranium of a Bushman, taken altogether, is one of the best 

 marked of any race, and could not be mistaken for that of any 

 other. Their relation to the Hottentots, however, appears to 

 be that of a stunted and outcast branch, living the lives of the 

 most degraded of savages among the rocky caves and mountains 

 of the land of which the comparatively civilised and pastoral 

 Hottentots inhabited the plains. 



Perhaps the Negrillos of Hamy, certain diminutive round- 

 headed people of Central and Western Equatorial Africa, may 

 represent a distinct section of the Negro race, but their numbers 

 are few, and they are very much mixed with the true Negroes 

 in the districts in which they are found. They form the only 

 exceptions to the general dolichocephaly of the African branch 

 of the Negroid racer 



C. Oceanic Negroes or Melanesians. These include the 

 Papuans of New Guinea and the majority of the inhabitants 

 of the islands of the Western Pacific, and form also a sub- 

 stratum of the population, greatly mixed with other races, of 

 regions extending far beyond the present centre of their area 

 of distribution. 



They are represented, in what may be called a hypertypical 

 form, by the extremely dolichocephalic Kai Colos, or moun- 

 taineers of the interior of the Fiji Islands, although the 

 coast population of the same group has lost their distinctive 



1 Further information upon the Negrillos and Bushmen, and later views as 

 to their relations to each other and to the true Negroes, will be found in the 

 article which follows " On the Pygmy Races of Men." 



