xix THE BUSHMEN OF AFRICA 305 



the Hottentots and the Bushmen Bosjesmen (men of the 

 woods) of the Dutch colonists the latter of whom, on account 

 of their small size, come within the scope of the present 

 subject. They lead the lives of the most degraded of savages, 

 dwelling among the rocky and more inaccessible mountains 

 of the interior, making habitations of the natural caves, 

 subsisting entirely by the chase, being most expert in the 

 use of the bow and arrow, and treated as enemies and out- 

 casts by the surrounding and more civilised tribes, whose 

 flocks and herds they show little respect for when other game 

 is not within reach. The physical characters of these people 

 are well known, as many specimens have been brought to 

 Europe alive for the purpose of exhibition. The hair shows 

 the extreme of the frizzly type; being shorter and less 

 abundant than that of the ordinary Negro, it has the 

 appearance of growing in separate tufts, which coil up 

 together into round balls compared to "peppercorns." The 

 yellow complexion differs from that of the Negro, and, com- 

 bined with the wide cheek-bones and form of the eyes, so much 

 recalls that of certain of the pure yellow races that some 

 anthropologists are inclined to trace true Mongolian affinities 

 and admixture, although the extreme crispness of the hair 

 makes such a supposition almost impossible. The width of 

 the cheek-bones and the narrowness of the forehead and the 

 chin give a lozenge-shape to the front view of the face. The 

 forehead is prominent and straight ; the nose extremely flat 

 and broad, more so than in any other race, and the lips 

 prominent and thick, although the jaws are less prognathous 

 than in the true Negro races. The cranium has many special 

 characters by which it can be easily distinguished from that 

 of any other. It has generally a very feminine, almost in- 

 fantile, appearance, though the capacity of the cranial cavity 

 is not the smallest, exceeding that of the Andamanese. In 

 general form the cranium is rather oblong than oval, having 

 straight sides, a flat top, and especially a vertical forehead, 

 which rises straight from the root of the nose. It is 

 moderately dolichocephalic or rather mesaticephalic, the 

 average index of ten specimens being 7 5 '4. The height is 

 in all considerably less than the breadth, the average index 



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