286 Fifth Conference 



at great depths at the bottom of the Atlantic. When, 

 therefore, this Chalk mass looo feet in thickness was 

 being accumulated, the entire area was some lOOO to 

 2000 fathoms beneath the sea. The students are now 

 asked to trace step by step the changes that have 

 occurred since the deposit of the Chalk. They readily 

 enumerate them as follows: — 



1. An ocean condition when the British Isles and 



some areas of Western Europe were sunk 

 many fathoms beneath the sea, and during 

 which the calcareous tests forming the mass 

 of the Chalk were deposited. 



2. A gradual upward movement, until upon the 



Chalk brought near to the surface there 

 were deposited the sands and Clay passed 

 over in the railway journey from Charing 

 Cross to Croydon. 



3. The upward movement continued, but the force 



somewhat irregularly applied, so that a 

 series of synclinal and anticlinal curves 

 were formed. 



4. The weathering down of the dome-like anti- 



clinals resulting in the exposure of the sur- 

 face of the series of rocks visited during the 

 journey. 



I shall not attempt to work out the features selected 

 for special observation and reflection during the jour- 

 ney so fully as I have done this one on the Chalk. 

 The attempt, to be successful, should be made during 

 an actual excursion, and perhaps it will not be out of 

 place if I state at this point that if in September of 



