SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS OF THE HYDROCARBONS 25 



EXPERIMENT STUDY IV 

 Cyanides 



Caution. Potassium cyanide is an exceedingly strong POISON. 

 Examine potassium cyanide very cautiously for color, odor and solu- 

 bility in water. Make a solution of about i g. in 10 c.c. water. Take 

 10 c.c. silver nitrate and add i drop of the cyanide solution. Note 

 precipitate. Add a few more drops and note result. 



AgNOs + KCN -> AgCN + KNO3 



insol. 

 AgCN + KCN -> AgCN -KCN 



sol. 



Double Cyanides. Examine crystals of potassium ferrocyanide, 

 K4Fe(CN)6, or Fe(CN)2 • 4 KCN, and of potassium ferricyanide, 

 K3Fe(CN)6, or Fe(CN)3 . 3 KCN, as to general character and solu- 

 bility. Add a few drops of each to some ferrous sulphate, FeS04, 

 and to some ferric chloride, FeClg. 



Calcium Cyanamide, CaN — CN. Examine calcium cyanamide for 

 general properties. Add 10 g. to 100 c.c. water in a flask. Boil the 

 contents of the flask and pass the steam through glass and rubber 

 tubing into a beaker containing water and some red litmus paper. 

 What gas is produced after considerable boiling (one half hour) ? 

 Add hydrochloric acid to residue in flask. Filter and test filtrate for 

 calcium by means of ammonia and ammonium oxalate, (NH4)2C204. 



HYDROXY SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS OR ALCOHOLS 



When the monohalogen substitution products of the methane 

 hydrocarbons are treated with silver hydroxide, Ag(OH), the 

 halogen is replaced by the (OH) group or radical. This group 

 is known as hydroxyl and the compound resulting is a hydroxy 

 substitution product. 



CH3(I + Ag) - OH -^ CH3 - OH + Agl 



Methyl iodide Methyl hydroxide 



When methyl iodide is used the product of the reaction is 

 methyl hydroxide. It is, however, a common substance known 



