SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS OF THE HYDROCARBONS 27 



(i) Methyl Alcohol, Wood alcohol. In a 250 c.c. flask place 100 c.c. 

 of methyl alcohol. Heat the flask gradually until the liquid begins 

 to distiU over and note the temperature at this instant. Continue 

 slowly until about 30 cc. have distilled over. Determine the specific 

 gravity of the original alcohol and of the distillate. 



(2) Repeat (i) using ethyl alcohol. 



(3) Repeat (i) using amyl alcohol. 



(4) Fractional Distillation. Measure out 100 c.c. of ethyl alcohol. 

 Determine the specific gravity. Add 100 c.c. water and mix 

 thoroughly. Determine the specific gravity of the mixture. Place 

 the mixture in a 500 cc. distilling flask, heat gradually and distill very 

 slowly. Note the temperature at the beginning of the distillation. 

 Distfll over 30 c.c. and note temperature at this time. Without stop- 

 ping the distillation change receiver and collect a second 30 c.c. frac- 

 tion, noting temperature as before. In the same way collect a third, 

 fourth and fifth fraction, noting temperature carefully at the end of 

 each fraction which is also the beginning temperature of the next 

 higher fraction. Cease the distillation at the end of the fifth 30 c.c. 

 fraction. Determine the specific gravity of each fraction and of the 

 residue. Calculate the per cent of alcohol in each fraction and in the 

 residue from the table (Table I) and tabulate the results as follows : 



Fractional Distillation of Ethyl Alcohol 



What has been effected by this distillation ? If repeated several 

 times with each fraction, what woifld the result be ? 



