CHAPTER V 

 MIXED COMPOUNDS 



We have considered polysubstitution products formed by 

 substituting in a hydrocarbon more than one element or group 

 of the same kind. 



Similarly there may be substituted in a hydrocarbon two 

 elements or groups, one of one kind and one of another. That 

 is, we may have a halogen and hydroxyl, a hydroxyl and car- 

 boxyl, an amine group and carboxyl, etc. We shall mention 

 only a few of the different known compounds of this general 

 class. 



HALOGEN-ALDELHYDES AND HALOGEN-ACIDS 



Halogen-aldehydes 



Tri-chlor-aldehyde. — The mixed halogen and hydroxy com- 

 pounds are not important here, but the group represented by 

 halogen-aldehydes has an important member. 



When chloroform is prepared from alcohol by the action of 

 chlorine, the chlorine first oxidizes the alcohol to aldehyde as 

 follows : 



CH3-CH2-OH+CI2+H2O -> CH3-C = +H2O+2HCI 



Ethyl alcohol Acetaldehyde 



The chlorine then acts upon the aldehyde and is substituted 

 for all three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group. 



CH3- CHO + 3 CI2 -> CCI3- C = + 3 HCl 



Acetaldehyde Tri-chlor-aldehyde (chloral) 



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