CARBOHYDRATES 



109 



Carbohydrates 



Simple carbohydrates 



or 



Compound carbohydrates 

 or 

 Polysaccharoses 



Monosaccharoses 



Disaccharoses 

 Cane sugar, etc. 



I 

 C12H22O11 



Trisaccharoses 

 Raffinose, 



C18H32O16 



Polysaccharoses 

 Starch, Cellulose, etc. 



I 

 (CeHioOs)^ 



Bioses C2H4O6 111 u 11. 



Trioses C H O ^ °^ monosacch. 3 mol. monosacch. a;mol. monosacch. 



Tetroses C4HSO4 

 Pentoses CsHicOs 

 Hexoses QHiaOs 

 Heptoses C7H14O7 

 Octoses CsHieOs 

 Nonoses CsHisOs 



TRIOSES, C3H6O3 



In discussing the constitutional formula for the carbohy- 

 drates, as previously given, we showed the relation between 

 the six-carbon sugar glucose (a hexose) and the six-carbon hexa- 

 hydroxy alcohol sorbitol. The triose sugar bears exactly 

 the same relation to the three-carbon tri-hydroxy alcohol which 

 we have considered before, viz. glycerol (glycerin). 



OH OH OH 



H-C-C~C-H 



H H H 



Glycerol 



O OH OH 



OH O OH 



C-C-H and H-C-C-C-H 



H H H 



H 



H 



Glycerose 



The importance of this simple sugar, which is a mixture of 

 both the aldehyde and ketone compounds, is that it can be 

 made from glycerol and that it undergoes polymerization and 

 yields fructose sugar. 



