278 ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY 



cereal grains, or vegetative parts, as the grasses, etc., there is 

 usually no distinction made between fats and waxes, as both 

 are in small amount, the value of the plant depending upon its 

 food value as a whole. In other cases plants are valuable 

 because of a certain fat- or wax-bearing part, as in the castor 

 oil bean, or they may have a double value, one part serving as 

 food or for industrial uses, while another part yields an oil 

 which may also be used either as food or industrially, as in the 

 case of the flaxseed and cottonseed. 



Oil-yielding Plants. — The most important oil-producing 

 plants are as follows : 



Olive. — This is grown largely for the oil, which is expressed 

 from the flesh of the fruit, the oil being then used as a food or 

 for making soap. Some oil is also obtained from the kernel. 

 The fruit itself is used directly as a food. 



Cottonseed. — The cottonseed is a by-product from the 

 cotton boll after the removal of the fiber. The oil is expressed 

 from the seed and is used as food either directly as a substitute 

 for olive oil or indirectly as a culinary article. After the oil is 

 extracted from the seed the ground residue is known as cotton- 

 seed meal. It still contains considerable oil and also protein, 

 and is largely used as a stock food. 



Peanut. — The oil is obtained from the seed and is used as 

 food. The seed itself is used as food either directly or in the 

 form of peanut butter. 



Sesame. — The seed of this plant and the oil obtained from 

 it are both used as food, mostly in India. The extracted residue 

 is used as a stock food similar to cottonseed meal. 



Castor Bean. — This plant is grown wholly for the oil which 

 is obtained from the seed. The oil is used both medicinally 

 and as a lubricant. The extracted residue cannot be used as a 

 stock food, but is used as a fertilizer and is called castor pomace. 



Palm. — Both the fleshy part of the palm fruit and also the 

 kernel are used for securing an oil used largely in making soap. 

 The oils are called pahn oil and palm nut oil and are solid at 

 ordinary temperatures. 



