Glands 



109 



Salivary reflexes may be studied in the human subject by inserting a 

 cannula 19 in the duct orifice of the submaxillary or parotid glands, thus 

 collecting saliva so that its quantity and constitution as well as the time of 

 its appearance may be noted. In work on animals which has been carried 

 on extensively by the Russian Pavloff 20 and his students, De Graff's 

 method has been followed. De Graff's method consists in transplanting 



ierous gland cells. 



Intercalated duct. 



Mucous 

 gland cells. 



Connective tissue. 



Crescent. 



Secretory duct. 



Fig. 80. Section of submaxillary gland of an adult man. Magnified 252 diam- 

 eters. (Lewis and Stohr, Histology.) 



the orifice of one of the salivary ducts to the outside of the face, thus mak- 

 ing a salivary fistula so that the secretion can readily be collected with 

 minimal discomfort to the animal. 



The glands of the stomach, which secrete gastric juice, are tubular, some 

 being simple, but the majority compound. There are three types of these 

 glands: the fundus, the cardiac and the pyloric glands. The fundus 



19 The cannula is a tube of metal, rubber, or some other hard substance. 



20 Pavloff's name is frequently and inconsistently spelled by English writers after 

 the German fashion, Pawlow. The inconsistency lies in using the German instead of 

 the English transliteration of the Russian name. As we can not conveniently use the 

 Russian spelling, we should use, in English, the English spelling. The French ren- 

 dering is Pav)..v. 



