GLOSSARY. 



In the following list, derivations are given for some of the technical terms occur- 

 ring in the text. Definitions are given in some cases, but it is assumed that in general 

 the application of the terms will be obtained from the text itself. It must be under- 

 stood that many of these terms have quite different meanings when used in other 

 than biological connections. 



In the case of adjectives used in both the Latin and the English forms, both 

 forms are not listed, but one is given under the derivation or the definition of the 

 other. Adjectives are not listed where they are regularly formed from substantives 

 listed, except in cases where the pronunciation is changed. 



PRONUNCIATION. 



An approximately correct pronunciation of scientific terms is indicated by the 

 placing of the primary accent (') and the secondary accent ("), since this indicates 

 not only the stress, but also the end of the stressed syllable ; showing whether it ends 

 in a vowel or a consonant ; and from this ending the sound of the vowel is practicably 

 determinable by a rule which has few exceptions. The vowels in the unstressed syl- 

 lables offer little difficulty. 



English vowels have two fundamental sounds: a close (sometimes called "long") 

 sound, and an open (short, broad, etc.) sound. The close sounds are practically in- 

 variable ; the open sounds of e, o, and especially of a, are variable according to 

 social group, geographical location, and other factors, but no fixed rules can be 

 assigned for these variations. 



Rule i. — In an accented syllable ending in a vowel, the vowel is close : a as in 

 mate ; e as ee in meet ; i and y as t in might ; o as in mote ; u as oo in moot, or as 

 ('«, like a in mute. 



Rule 2. — In an accented syllable ending in a consonant, and generally in unac- 

 cented syllables, the vowel is open: a from a in mark to a in pass; e from i in fit 

 to e in her; i as in fit; o from o in not to « in nun; u as in nun, or as iu, like the 

 second u in future. 



Rule 3. — In unaccented syllables the actual tendency is to reduce a and to the 

 sound of u, and to reduce e to the same sound or else to the sound of 1. 



The sounding of consonants offers little difficulty. On one important point there 

 is a rule (which has few exceptions), namely: c or g before e, i, or y, is soft (as in 

 city and gentle), and before a, o, or «, hard (as in cord and goat). 



Abdu'cent. [L. abducere, to draw away from.] Adj. applied to a muscle which 



pulls back, or opens, the structure to which it is attached. 

 Ac"romeg'aly. [G. akros, extreme ; megas, large.] Enlargement of the extremities. 

 Ac'inous (ass'inus). [L. acinosus, grape-like.] Having the form of a cluster. 

 Acu'stica. [L. fr. G. akouein, to hear.] Acoustic. 

 Acou'stic (akoo'stik : akow'stik is less preferable). 



