BRINE SPRINGS. 107 



appear from the fact, tliat the strongest previously obtained, required upwards of forty gallons 

 for a bushel of salt in the ordinary state of dryness. 



Geddes Wells. There are two wells in use at this village. The one nearest the lake is a 

 hundred and twenty-four feet below its level ; the other is near the pump-house, and is a 

 hundred and seventy six feet below the level of the lake. During the year 1840, many at- 

 tempts were made to obtain brine of better quality than that afforded by these wells, but 

 without success. 



The temperature of this brine is exactly the same as that of the Syracuse well ; it has the 

 same appearance, but the tests of iron produce a more marked effect than upon either of the 

 former. Its specific gravity is 1.10601. The pump at this place raises about a hundred 

 gallons of brine in a minute. 



1000 grains of brine from the Geddes spring yielded upon evaporation 138.55 dry solid 

 matter. The composition of the whole is as follows : 



Carbonate of lime, .., 0.10 



Sulphate of lime, 4.93 



Chloride of calcium, 2.03 



Chloride of magnesium, 0.79 



Chloride of sodium, or common salt, 130.66 



Oxide of iron, with a minute portion of silica apd carbonate of lime,. 0.04 

 Carbonic acid, holding in solution the carbonate of lime and oxide of iron, . 06 



Water, with a trace of organic matter and bromine, 861. 39 



If the above analysis is correct, there are 1051 grains of dry chloride of sodium in a wine 

 pint of this brine, and 8408 grains or 1 . 20 pounds avoirdupois in a gallon ; and it requires 

 about forty-six and a half gallons for a bushel of dry salt, or about forty-four gallons for a 

 bushel of salt in its ordinary state. 



Liverpool Well. This well is near the village of Liverpool, twenty-five rods from the Os- 

 wego canal, and fifty rods from the bold shore of Onondaga lake. In boring this well, the 

 strata passed through were as follows, viz : From the surface twelve feet, principally marl, 

 similar to that found in the bed of the lake, the shells being mostly broken up and decayed ; 

 next to the marl was fourteen feet of fine sand, and below this forty-three feet of a very fine 

 clay of a greyish colour ; below this clay, to the depth of eighty-one feet from the beach at 

 low water, was a bed of gravel made up of pebbles of various sizes, with some sand. The 

 brine was first observed in the gravel, although the clay above it had a brackish taste. 



The pump which was put into operation at this well in 1837, raises a hundred and two 

 gallons of brine in a minute. This brine, it needs scarcely to be added, closely resembles 

 that from the other wells, but its specific gravity is higher, being 1.11467. 1000 grains 

 yielded 149.54 grs. dry solid matter. The following are the results of my analysis : 



