SULPHUR SPRINGS. 141 



It may also be added, that in Cliff-street in the city of New-York, a mineral spring was 

 some years since opened, which is more nearly allied to the waters of this class than of any 

 other. According to the analysis of Mr. G. Chilton, this water is more complex in its com- 

 position than any hitherto found in the State. A pint of it was found to contain 18.74 grains 

 of saline matter, and 9 . 14 cubic inches of carbonic acid and atmospheric air.* 



SULPHURETTED OR SULPHUREOUS SPRINGS. 



Sulphuretted springs, or such as have their waters charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 

 are of very frequent occurrence in this State. Indeed, there is scarcely a single county in 

 which they are not found. They may, of course, always be known by their unpleasant odour ; 

 and if strongly charged with the gas, by the effect which they have of blackening silver and 

 a solution of sugar of lead. 



The peculiar character of these springs is, in some instances, owing to the pure sulphuretted 

 hydrogen gas which these waters hold in solution, and evolve upon coming into contact with 

 the atmosphere. In some cases, however, they preserve their character after the water has 

 been boiled ; which indicates the presence of a hydrosulphate, or, as it may be more properly 

 termed, a hydrothionate ; of which the common is, perhaps, the hydrothionate of lime. 



Valley of the Hudson. Commencing at the southern part of the State, sulphureous 

 springs are found at short intervals from near Sing-Sing in Westchester county, to Fort Miller 

 in Washington county, a distance of nearly a hundred and fifty miles. They occur on both 

 banks of the Hudson, and usually rise through the strata of glazed black slate which is found 

 throughout nearly the whole of this extent. Some of these deserve to be noticed. 



The Chappequa Spring, four miles northeast of Sing-Sing, issues from a cleft in the rock 

 near the base of a hill about two hundred feet in height. The water, as it rises from the rock, 

 is transparent, but in its course deposits a reddish yellow powder. The salts held in solution 

 are said to be sulphate of lime, chloride of calcium, and the muriate of iron and manganese. 

 The water is supposed to possess medicinal properties, similar to those usually ascribed to 

 sulphur springs. 



In Orange County, a sulphur spring occurs near the village of Newburgh. One or two 

 others have also been noticed in this county. 



In Dutchess County, there is a sulphur spring one and a quarter mile north-northwest of 

 Ameniaville ; while in the adjoining county, Columbia, Mr. Mather has noticed one about a 

 mile and a half north of Kinderhook, and several in the adjacent marsh ; another, a mile east 

 of Miller's tavern, near the line of Claverack and Ghent ; another, a mile east of Mr. Living- 

 ston's, Oakhill ; another, on McNaughton's farm, between Lebanon Springs and the Shaker 

 village. 



* The entire analysis will be found in the American Journal of Science, XVIII. 346. 



