348 



MESSES. E. FEANKLAJ!^D AND B. F. DUPPA'S 



either hydrogen or a monad alcohol radical. The olefines of these acids may belong to 

 either the ethylene or ethylidene series. 



The following are the only acids at present known belonging to this division : — 



rCHjHo 



Paralactic acid < C Hg . 



[cOHo 



fCHgHo 



Paraleucic acid < C4 Hg 



[COHo 



We give the name paraleucic acid to the acid obtained by Lippmann* in acting with 



phosgene gas upon amylene. This body has not yet been completely investigated; 



LiPPMANN regards it as identical with leucic acid ; but as it is produced by a reaction 



exactly homologous with that by which paralactic acid is formed, we believe it will be 



found to differ slightly from leucic acid, as paralactic does from lactic acid. The number 



of isomers in this division will obviously depend, first, upon the complementary variations 



+ _ + 



of R and (C Hg)™ ; secondly, upon the isomeric modifications of which R is susceptible ; 



and thirdly, upon the isomeric modifications of (C Hg)™. 



6th. Etheric Normal Olejine Acids. — These acids only differ from the normal olefine 



acids in having the hydrogen of the non-oxatylic hydroxyl replaced by an organic radical 



positive or negative ; therefore their general formula is 



©-©-©■ 



or 



<' CRHRo 

 (CHg)^ 

 CO Ho 



As in the fifth division, n must be a positive integer and cannot =0, whilst R may be 



+ 



either hydrogen or a monad alcohol radical; but R must be a monad compound radical, 

 either acid or alcoholic. 



7th. Secondary Olefine Acids. — A secondary olefine acid of this series is one in which 

 the atom of carbon united with oxatyl is not combined with hydroxyl, and in which the 

 atom of carbon united with hydroxyl is also combined with two monad alcohol radicals, 

 as shown in the following formulae : — 



'01 r±> 



0-0-^D- 



or 



A 



CRgHo 

 (CH,)„ 

 CO Ho 



In both of these formulae n must be a positive integer and cannot =0, and R must be a 

 monad alcohol radical. 



* Ann. der Ch. und Pharm. Bd. cxxlx. s. 81. 



