682 DE. H, CHARLTON BASTIAN ON TlIE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



Nematoids these cells seem to be almost absent, or are so small as scarcely to deserve any 

 other appellation than granules, whilst in others they are larger and more abundant. 

 Unusually large bodies of this nature, with a distinct nucleus, are frequently seen within 

 specimens of Leptosomatum figuratum (Plate XXVII. fig. 31). 



The cellular or medullary portion of the muscle-cells which have been before described, 

 may, in all probability, be justly considered as glandular elements ; and under this head 

 I should include the structures previously mentioned as existing in connexion with the 

 muscles of Symplocostcmia longicolle, and which are apparently homologous with the 

 cellular structures so abundantly met with in many of the other free Nematoids. These 

 glandular formations on the surface of the muscle are generally most marked at the 

 anterior and posterior extremities of the body, and seem to attain their maximum deve- 

 lopment, so far as I have seen, in the various species of the genera Leptosoinatum and 

 Phanoderma. 



The glandular natm-e of the cellular mass lining the intestine has just been spoken of 

 in the concluding portion of the last section. 



Professor Owen* has described structures which he considers to be analogous to sali- 

 vary organs, " consisting of four small slender blind tubes, each about two lines in length, 

 which are placed at equal distances around the commencement of the alimentary canal 

 in the GnaiJwstoma spinigerum, a small Nematoid worm closely allied to Strongglus," 

 which he discovered in the tunics of the stomach of a tiger. These tubes he seemed to 

 think emptied their secretion into the mouth. Ebeeth has described and figured two 

 small glandular bodies in connexion with the large pharyngeal cavity of Enoplus ccbtuUus. 

 Each of these is rather elongated in form and provided with a nucleus, and he thinks 

 may open into the pharynx anteriorly. 



Glandular bodies are present in connexion with the termination of the intestine in 

 many Nematoids, both free and parasitic. These have been carefully described and 

 figured by Ebeeth in many species, and though, curiously enough, he seems quite to have 

 made up his mind as to their nature when existing in the free Nematoids, by the fact of 

 his having given them the name of " anal glands," still when he meets with similar 

 structures in the parasitic species he seems to dally with the idea that they may perchance 

 belong to the nervous system, seemingly led away in this manner by the misconceptions 

 into which Walter had fallen concerning the nervous system of Oxyuris ornata, an 

 animal in which anal glands appear to be present. These structures Walter still 

 persists in believing should be considered as central ganglia of a nervous system. 



I have met with these anal glands amongst the free Nematoids in the genera Anticoma, 

 LiiiJiomoms, and Cyatholaimus. They consist of from two to four finely granular masses, 

 varying in shape and size, each having a clear central nucleus-like body, which may 

 when small, as in the genus Anticoma, be in close connexion with the rectal portion of 

 the intestine, or if larger may occupy much of the cavity of the body between this and 

 the posterior extremity. Ebeeth has also figured these bodies, but we have neither of 

 * Lect. on Comp. Anat. of InTert. 2iid Ed. 1855, p. 103. 



