oral, the opening is duo to uneciual shrinkage of the 

 two walls of thG fibrous layer. The outer wall being 

 of cellulose shrinks more on drying than the inner 

 wall which is strengthened by its liquified fibres. 

 By this means the whole outer covering is bont on it- 

 self and points directly toward the carpels , nearly 

 all of the pollen adheres to these v/ings, and so is 

 placed in the way of any insect that comes to visit 

 the nectaries. The stigmas are ripe for pollination 

 at the same time that the anthers open. Any insect 

 visiting many flowers in succession must scatter pol- 

 len promiscuously, so that there is sufficient adapta- 

 tion to insure cross-fertilization, but no well-develop- 

 ed mechanism to prevent self-fertilization. Pollen is 

 ripe and begins to be shed in the latter part of Octo- 

 ber, and is shed from that time on into the winter, as 

 the flowers k oep opening with each return of warm weath- 



