422 MR. NEWPORT ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE SPHINX LIGUSTRI. 



Fig. 33. Abdominal ganglion at forty-eight hours after changing, seen from its 



upper surface by transmitted light. References the same as fig. 32. 

 Fig. 34. A lateral view of the supra-oesophageal or cerebral ganglia and nerves, 

 and of the first and second suboesophageal of the larva of Sphinx lignstri. 

 The letters and figures from a to f as in fig. 1 . 

 G. The lateral cords which connect the cerebral with tlie suboesophageal 

 ganglia, and pass on each side the oesophagus. (A) The nerve which is 

 given to the side of the mouth, and is perhaps the nerve of taste. 



d. Nerves to the first pair of legs. 



e. Some of the transverse nerves which pass round on each side of the car 



diac part of the stomach. 

 Fig. 35. One of the abdominal ganglia of the Sphinx, with the portion of cords and 

 transverse nerves (c), showing the motor columns of the cords {h) passing 

 over the double ganglion of the sensitive («), and the manner in which the 

 double tract of the transverse or respiratory nerves (c) divides at right 

 angles before a ganglion {d), and sends on it filaments (e) which, after 

 uniting with the transverse portion of the nerve {d), and with the moto- 

 sensitive nerves {f), converge and join again in the median line above 

 the cords, having first derived a few filaments from the motor column {g). 

 Fig. 36. The double terminal ganglion of the larva of the Sphinx, showing the 

 transverse nerves (c), and division and termination of the motor co- 

 lumn {h, h). 

 Fig. 37. View of the under surface of the posterior thoracic nerves and ganglia in 

 Papilio Id, Linn., showing the transverse (c), motor {b) and sensitive 

 tracts («). 

 Fig. 38. The same in the abdominal parts of cords in Carabus monilis, L., in which 



the ganglia of the transverse nerves are very distinct (c). 

 Fig. 39. The same in Gryllus viridissimus, Linn., but without ganglia on the trans- 

 verse nerves. 



Plate XVIL 

 Fig. 40. The nervous system of the Lobster, {Astacus marinus, Leach,) natural size. 

 1 to 14. Ganglia. 



a. Cerebral ganglia. 



B. Passage for the oesophagus between the crura. 

 c. The suboesophageal thoracic ganglia. 

 D. The post abdominal or caudal ganglia and nerves. 

 E, E. The origins of the vagus. 

 a. Optic nerves. 



h. Nerves from a distinct ganglion to the large antennae, 

 c. Nerves from another ganglion, anterior to the last, to the small antennae. 

 These four ganglia to the four antennae are situated anteriorly, and a 



