274 DR. FARADAY'S EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES IN ELECTRICITY. (SERIES XIV.) 



containing more than one proportion of the electro -negative element refusing to de- 

 compose under the influence of the electric current. 



1708. Probable reasons for these conditions and limitations arise out of the mole- 

 cular theory of induction. Thus when a liquid dielectric, as chloride of tin, con- 

 sists of molecules, each composed of a single particle of each of the elements, then 

 as these can convey equivalent opposite forces by their separation in opposite di- 

 rections, both decomposition and transfer can result. But when the molecules, as in 

 the bichloride of tin, consist of one particle or atom of one element, and two of the 

 other, then the simplicity with which the particles may be supposed to be arranged 

 and to act, is destroyed. And, though it may be conceived that when the molecules 

 of bichloride of tin are polarized as wholes by the induction across them, the positive 

 polar force might accumulate on the one particle of tin whilst the negative polar 

 force accumulated on the two particles of chlorine associated with it, and that these 

 might respectively travel right and left to unite with other two of chlorine and one 

 of tin, in analogy with what happens in cases of compounds consisting of single pro- 

 portions, yet this is not altogether so evident or probable. For when a particle of tin 

 combines with two of chlorine, it is difficult to conceive that there should not be some 

 relation of the three in the resulting molecule analogous to fixed position, the one 

 particle of metal being perhaps symmetrically placed in relation to the two of chlo- 

 rine : and, it is not difficult to conceive of such particles that they could not assume 

 that position dependent both on their polarity and the relation of their elements, 

 which appears to be the first step in the process of electrolyzation (1345. 1705.). 



§.21. Relation of the electric and magnetic forces. 



1709. I have already ventured a few speculations respecting the probable relation 

 of magnetism, as the transverse force of the current, to the divergent or transverse 

 force of the lines of inductive action belonging to static electricity (1658, &c.). 



1710. In the further consideration of this subject it appeared to me to be of the 

 utmost importance to ascertain, if possible, whether this lateral action which we call 

 magnetism, or sometimes the induction of electrical currents (26. 1048, &c.), is ex- 

 tended to a distance by the action of the intermediate particles in analogy with the in- 

 duction of static electricity, or the various effects, such as conduction, discharge, &c., 

 which are dependent on that induction ; or, whether its influence at a distance is al- 

 together independent of such intermediate particles (1662.). 



1711. I arranged two magneto-electric helices with iron cores end to end, but with 

 an interval of an inch and three quarters between them, in which interval was placed 

 the end or pole of a bar magnet. It is evident that on moving the magnetic pole from 

 one core towards the other, a current would tend to form in both helices, in the one 

 because of the lowering, and in the other because of the strengthening of the ma- 

 gnetism induced in the respective soft iron cores. The helices were connected to- 

 gether, and also with a galvanometer, so that these two currents should coincide in 



