342 DR. BENCE JONES ON THE VARIATIONS IN 



The conclusions from these experiments are — 



I. As regards variation in the phosphates. 



The earthy phosphates soon after food were found to vary from 1-91 per 1000 urine, 

 specific gravity 1033-2, to '97 per 1000 urine, specific gravity 1027*3. 



Long after food they vary from *21 per 1000 urine, specific gravity 1028-2 to '75 per 

 1000 urine, specific gravity 1028*0. 



The alkaline phosphates long after food, and soon after exercise, vary from 8*10 

 per 1000 urine, specific gravity 1028-0, to 6*50 per 1000 urine, specific gravity 1022-8. 



Long after food the quantity varies from 6-67 per 1000 urine, specific gravity 1025*5, 

 to 4*72 per 1000 urine, specific gravity 1033-2. 



n. As to the causes of the variation. 



(a.) As regards food. 



The earthy phosphates were not materially influenced by a diet of meat or of bread. 

 They were in excess after either was taken ; but on distilled water and meat alone, 

 the excess was considerably below the average. 



A long time after food the earthy phosphates were greatly diminished. 



The alkaline phosphates were present in greatest quantity when bread alone was 

 taken for food ; when meat alone was taken, the deficiency was more marked than 

 the excess with bread alone was. There was the most marked difference when the 

 bread diet was compared with the meat diet. 



(b.) As regards exercise. 



Exercise produced no marked effect on the earthy phosphates. 



On the alkaline phosphates exercise caused an increase of nearly one-third the 

 amount previously excreted. This difference is not so great as that between bread 

 and meat diets ; so that probably though exercise has some influence, the kind of 

 diet has a greater influence. 



in. As to the effect of medical substances on the earthy phosphates. 



(a.) As regards chloride of calcium. 



15 grains of chloride of calcium produced no, or very little, effect in two hours and 

 a half. 



22 grains in rather more water produced a very decided increase in two hours and 

 a quarter. 



30 grains produced a still more marked increase in the same time, and the effect 

 continued to be perceptible for ten hours. 



(b.) As regards sulphate of magnesia. 



30 grains of sulphate of magnesia in IJg water produced no, or very little, effect 

 in two hours ; in four hours and a quarter an increase was distinctly visible. 



40 grains in 2jg of water produced a very slight effect in two hours and a quarter ; 

 in 4| hours an increase was very distinct, and continued to be perceptible for nine 

 hours. 



(c.) As regards calcined magnesia. 



