Use of Co2crr-s/ic//s for Cnnenn\ Ainiih'ti;, cfc. 



129 



species, C. annulus is also recorded from Koptos'' and 

 Nai^adeli, probably of pre- or proto-dynastic date ;'" it is 

 also associated with other objects, such as pap\-rus charm 

 pendants, iizat eyes, etc., struni;- on knotted cords found 

 at Kafr Ammar (xxiii — xxvth d\nasty)." Reisnci in 

 "The Archaeological Sin-vey of Nubia (1907-8)"'- gives a 

 figure of a small C()\vr\% rubbed down on the back, which 

 is probably C. (Vinulus ; it is recorded as occurring in the 

 C-group, New Empire, and later graves. Cypnea vioneta 

 occurs in the list of shells found in graves at El Anirah 

 ( l're-d}'nastic).'' Other species of cowries discovered in 

 Egyptian graves are as follows : Cyprcea caiirica} " I'an- 

 Graves " at Balabish ;'^ C. aiabica, Koptos ; C. carncola, 

 Ballas ; C. erosa, Ballas ; C. caiirica, Ballas ? ; C.pantlierina, 

 Nagadeh ;'"' C. arabica var retiadat(X Toukli, Upper Egypt."^ 



These discoveries of cowries in Ancient Egyptian 

 graves are of great interest as being the earliest evidence 

 of a special appreciation of these shells. That they were 

 worn as amulets by the Egyptians cannot be doubted 

 from the fact that so many are perforated for suspension. 



The discovery of so many specimens of the smaller 



■■■ Flinders I'etrie, "Six Temples at Tliebe.s, 1S96,'" London. 1S97, 

 chap. X.. p. 30. 



'" JJfiii. " Amulets," 1914, p. 27, pi. xiv., f. 107I). 



" //'/</., p. 29, pl. xvii., f. 131b, 131C. ; pi. xviii., f. 1316, 131I. ; pi. xix., 



' - Vol. i., Arch;Lol. Kept., Cairo, 1910, pi. 66, f. 7 and pl. 70, T. i. 

 The C-group belongs to a period corre-ponding to the Middle Kini^doni in 

 Egypt . 



'- D. Randall-Maciver c\; A. C. .Mace, " Kl Amrah and Abydos 1899- 

 1901," London, 1902, p. 49. 



• * G. A. Wainwrighl, " The Excavations at Balabish, '/^m/'W. of Ei;ypt. 

 Arch.fol., ii., Oct., 1915, pl. xxv., f. 2 (named from photograph). *' I'an- 

 Graves" are Nubian interments in Egypt and may belong to the period fron> 

 2000 B.C. onwards. 



'■"' These five recorded by Flinders I'etrie (fiJc Lortcl & Gailkird, of. 

 iit., pp. 310-311). 



'• De .Morgan {fide Lortet & Gailh'.rd, <?/. c//., p. 310). 



