INDEX. 



Amulets. See Cowries. 



Aztec gods. Shells associated with, 



51-55 : compared with Hindu gods. 



53-55' 57-5S, with Maya gods, 56-57; 



adorned with pearls, 118. See also 



Tecciztccatl, Tlaloc, and Tonaliiih. 

 Aztec Moon-cult. },•), 52-55. 



Babylonian Fish-god, 61, 78. 

 Blood-letting. Shell-trumpets used at, 



51 : cowries used at, 160. 

 Bucciniini-^€i\s, as trumpets, 4, j2 ; 



purple dye obtained from. 4-7, 196. 



See also Piirptira-^tWs. 



Cassis-^^Ws, as trumpets, 38-40, 43. 

 51 ; found in Mentone cave, 136 ; 

 found in pre-Columbian burial in 

 Ecuador, 121. 



Chac. Maya Rain God. Conch-shell 

 associated with, ^"j ; compared with 

 Tlaloc, the Mexican Rain God, 57 ; 

 appears as the Maya Moon God, 57 ; 

 claimed as the American form of the 

 X'edic god, India, 57-58 ; tortoise 

 associated with, 60 ; compared with 

 the stag-headed dragon in Japan, 63. 



Chank-cull of India, 35-38, 53-55, 58- 

 59, 195-196. 



Chank shells. As trumpets, 35-38, 53- 

 55 : used by Hindus and Buddhists, 

 .^5' 38, 53-54 ; reversed, prized by 

 Hindus, 35, by Chinese, 38 ; Vislinu 

 associated with, 35, 53, 58-59. 61, 

 195-196 : calcined for making lime. 

 84, 91-92 ; references in Classics to, 

 88; fisheries of, 88-89: pearls found 

 in, 90 ; in prehistoric sites in India, 

 164-165 ; bangles made from, 165. 



Charms. See under Cowries. 



Circumcision. Shell-trumpets used at. 

 IT. cowries used at, 159. 



Classical Literature. Purjjle mentioned 

 in, 3-4, 7, 10-15, 81. 195; shcll- 

 trunijjets mentioned in, 30, 32; pearls 

 mentioned in, -jt,, 77, 81, 83, 87-88, 

 93-94, 96, 104. 



Clay idol tound in ('6?i-.v/5-sJiell in Ten- 

 nessee, 64. 



Clay models of shell-trumpets, 34. 47, 

 203-204. 



Cowry, The. Derivation of name, 126: 

 Greek name of, 126; Roman name 

 of, 126, 200: French name of, 126, 

 200: Sanskrit name of, 126; Portu- 

 guese name of, 126; Arab name of, 

 126; Siamese name of, 126: Chinese 

 signs for, 180-182: Japanese name 

 of, 183, 205. 



Cowry-shell, The. Known as '• Concha 

 Venerea," 138; as the parent of 

 mankind, 176; as the source of life, 

 182-183, 185-186. See also Cowries. 



Cowries. Death, associated with, 74, 

 100, 128-138, 145.147- 153-154. 159- 

 161. 164, 169-170, 182-183. 186-194, 

 205; placed in mouth of the dead, 

 100, 182-1S3, 1S6; as currency, 123, 

 126, 130, 140, 142, 147-164. 165-169, 



171, 174-175, 177-181, 183; as amu- 

 lets, 123, 127-129, 139-143. 146-164, 

 169-172, 183, 194, 205-206 : in 

 games, 126, 154, 157, 159, 170-171; 

 as hunting and fishing charms, 127, 

 '57-158- 173-174; as charms against 

 the evil eye, 127, 140, 152-153, 158, 



169. 183; as fertility charms, 127, 

 133, 139, 142, 145, 152-153, 157-158. 



170, 183-184; marriage, associated 

 with. 127, 142. 145-146. 153. 157. 

 164, 172: imitated in stone, 128, 

 174, in ivory, 176, in metal, 178, 

 205; in caves, 134-138: for divina- 

 tion and soothsaying, 140- 141, 145. 

 155. 158-159. 161, 170; head- 

 hunting, associated with, 142, 160, 



172, 174; as eyes for idols, 149-150, 

 '58. 173, 176; initiation ceremonies, 

 associated with, 154- 1 55, 184- 1 86; at 

 circumcision, 159; as symbolic mes- 

 sages, 161-163, 190-191: us war- 

 signals, 161, 190-191. 



Cowries. Use of : Africa. 141-164; 

 America, N., 184-193; Arabia, 139; 

 Bosnia, 131: British Isles, 133, 140, 



