14 



Index— con tin ued. 



currency, 95, 115, 178: supposed 

 germination of, 95; associated with 

 dragon-protectors, 102-104; in North 

 American mounds, 112-II7; as 

 "eggs" of shell-fish, 121. 



Pearls. Use of: America, North, 112- 

 117; America, Central, 117-118, 120: 

 Assyria, 78; Astrakhan, 80; Baby- 

 lonia, 78-79; British Isles, 83-84; 

 Ceylon, 93; China, 95-106; Crimea, 

 80 ; Cyprus, 79 : Ecuador, 121 ; 

 Egypt, 75-76; Europe, 85-86; Greece, 

 79-80; India. 87-89; Italy, 81-83; 

 Japan, 106; Korea, 204; Malay 

 Archipelago, 94-95; Mexico, 118- 

 120; Pacific Islands, 109; Palestine, 

 82; Persia, 78; Peru, 121; Siberia, 

 109; Syria, 79; Venezuela, 120. 



Pearl-Fisheries. Africa, East, 76-77; 

 Alaska. 122; America, North, 112- 

 117; British Isles, 83-85; Cali- 

 fornia, 118; Ceylon, 93; China, 96- 

 99; Ecuador, 121; Europe, 85-86; 

 India, 88-92; Japan, 106-107; Kamt- 

 chatka, 108; Manchuria, 107-108: 

 Malay Archipelago, 94-95; Mauri- 

 tania, 76; Mediterranean, S3; Mergui 

 Archipelago, 94 ; Mexico, I|i8 ; 

 Pacific Islands, 109-112; Panama, 

 120; Persian Gulf, 77-78: Red Sea, 

 73; Siam, 99-100; Siberia, 109: 

 Venezuela, 120. 



Pearl-shells. Medicinal use of, 70, 91, 

 loi; in graves, 74, "]"], 84, no. 122; 

 commerce in, 74-75, 88-89, 93-95. 

 98-99: as breast ornaments, 74-75, 

 111-113, 118-120; receptacles for 

 paint, 76; in making pottery, 84: 

 calcined for making lime, 84, 91; 

 superstitious reverence of, 87, 92, 

 109-112; as fish-hooks, 109-110,201: 

 as temple offerings, iio-iii; as eyes 

 for idols. III, 119; as eyes for 

 mummies, in, 203. 



Pearl-shells. Use of: Alaska, 122: 

 America, North, 117: British Isles, 

 83-84; California, 122; China, 98- 

 99, loi; Ecuador, 121; Egypt. 73- 

 75; India, 87; Italy, 14, 82; Malay 

 .'\rchipelago, 94-95; Mexico, 119-120: 

 Nubia, 74; Pacific Islands, 109-112, 

 201-203; Palestine, 82; Peru, 121: 

 Rhodesia, 77, 84; Siam, 100. 



Pearl-shellfish-hooks. As currency, iio; 

 used for transmitting messages, iio. 



Phtt'nicians. Purple trade by, 3, 5, 

 10-12, 14, 93: discovery of purple 

 dye attributed to, 9, 195; purple 



dye manufactured by, 6-7, 10-13, 17; 

 pearl-fisheries inaugurated by, 72-73, 

 76, 84-85, 99; pearl trade by, 79, 

 82, 97-99; known to Chinese a.s 

 liormuzian or Hwang-tchi (yellow- 

 fingered) sea-traders, 99; skilled in 

 drilling pearls, 106; goddess of, with 

 conch-shell, 196. 



Placuna-i\\t\.\s,. Fisheries of, 89, 93, 

 95, 107; pearls found in, 89. 95, 

 95' 107. 



Pregnancy. See Cowries; also Snail- 

 shells. 



Pteroceras-^\e\\%, as cult-objects in 

 Egypt, 207 ; associated with phallic 

 god Min, 207 ; as trumpets in India, 

 38. 



Purple Dye. Chief centres of production: 

 America, Central, 20-24; America, 

 South, 21, 25-27; British Isles, 15- 

 17; Mediterranean. 10-15; Mexico, 

 23-26. 



Purple Dye. References in Classics to, 

 3, 4, 7, 10-15, 81, 195; trade in, by 

 the Phwnicians. 3, 5, 10-17; process 

 of dyeing, 3, 6, 21-25; methods of 

 extraction, 3, 21-25; photogenetic 

 property of, 4, 5, 23; references in 

 Scriptures to, 7, 11: as paint, 8, 18, 

 19, 25, 26; as rouge, 8, 26; probable 

 first discovery in Crete. 9; associated 

 with megalithic culture, 14, 27-28. 



Purple Dye. Molluscs whence derived; 

 Biicchnim, 4-7, 196; Miirex triin- 

 ciilus 5, 6, 9, 14; Rhirex branderis, 

 5, 6, 12, 13; Purpura lapillus, 4, 

 5, 6, 15, 16, 196; Purpura hamas- 

 luina, 5, 13, 14. 20, 134; P^irpura 

 patula, 20-21. 



Purple Dye. Use of: America, Central, 

 20-24; .America, South, 21, 25-27; 

 Babylonia. 7 ; British Isles, 4 5, 

 15-18; China, 19; Egypt, 7, 9, ii; 

 France, 14, 18; Japan, 19, 20; 

 Malaysia, 19; Mediterranean, 3, 7, 

 8, 14, 20, 81, 134, 195; Mexico, 23- 

 26: Norway, 18. 



Purple robes, 7, 18, 24-26, 87. 93, 97, 



195- 



Purple-shell. On Tyrian coins, 5, 195; 



found in caves, 13. 14. 82. See 



also Purple dye. 

 Purple-shell fisheries. See Purple dye, 



centres of production. 

 /'//;• /)//;-^-shells, i:)urple dye obtained 



from, 4-0, 13-16, 20-21, 134, 196. 



