90 The Biological Errors 



an accomplished fact. However, the means by 

 which the inventor propagates his idea is a series 

 of inter-psychic acts. The human institution is a 

 series of similar individual movements of the 

 second degree of complexity. The first phase 

 consists in the internal representation of the new 

 human institution, and this representation is then 

 communicated from one individual to other in- 

 dividuals, in the second phase. 



International actions are by definition only a 

 modification of human institutions, and follow 

 the same course as domestic political action. If 

 Europe, which has been divided into twenty-five 

 sovereign states, under a system of complete 

 anarchy, in which any state may declare war at 

 any minute, should be united into a federation, 

 what would this signify? It would mean that the 

 twenty-five European states would give a different 

 organization to their mutual relations than that 

 which has heretofore existed. But this different 

 organization would be preceded by an ideal 

 representation and by propaganda from one in- 

 dividual to another, as in the case of institu- 

 tional changes within a nation: the law would 

 be the same. Ideas, therefore, are the source of 

 institutions. 



It seems difficult to contest the truth of this 



social mechanism, but if this analysis is correct, 



the philosophy of force fails completely. How 



I- can it be maintained that the progress of the 



, human race is caused by collective homicide when 



