1(32 The General Sociological Errors 



they associate in order to obtain better commu- 

 nications, justice, and the security which will 

 enable them to carry on their activities more effec- 

 tively. The philosophy of force fails to realize 

 that vital circulation, the division of labour and 

 association are advantageous in proportion to the 

 extent of the association, and that the human 

 race would reach its highest possible degree of 

 happiness and prosperity if the limits of associa- 

 tion were extended to include all mankind and to 

 coincide with the objective realities, vital circula- 

 tion and interdependence, — instead of stopping at 

 the artificial and subjective boundaries of the 

 State. 



The great war itself has contributed towards the 

 breaking down of the old idea of States as sovereign 

 and independent units. It has been found that 

 no nation in Europe can rely for its security and 

 defense upon its own military and naval forces, 

 but must depend upon alliances, ententes, and 

 agreements which it makes with other nations, 

 surrendering in the process a large part of its 

 sovereignty in the questions of war and peace. 

 Even the old fiction of the philosophy of force that 

 association within the States is limited by natural 

 antagonisms has been shown to be false. On the 

 side of the Allies, for example, English, French, and 

 Russians, Indians, Turcomen, Egyptians, Algerians, 

 Japanese, Bengalese, every possible combination 

 of race, language, and religion, white, yellow, 

 brown, and black skins have been fighting side by 



