104 The General Sociological Errors 



of force. It affirms that collective homicide pro- 

 duces civilization only when it takes place at the 

 exterior of groups ; but this exterior is a subjective 

 error of our minds. Such an exterior does not 

 exist. From the point of view of realities, all 

 humanity forms a single association, since the vital 

 circulation is now established between all the in- 

 dividuals who inhabit the earth. The struggles 

 which have taken place between men since an- 

 tiquity have always taken place in the interior of 

 association, because the very fact itself that the two 

 societies have entered into contact shows that the 

 vital circulation was established between them and 

 therefore that they formed a single social group. 

 All collective homicides since the commencement 

 of history have been, from the biological point of 

 view, civil wars, because the distinction between 

 a civil war and a foreign war is not in any concrete 

 reality, but solely in the purely arbitrary concep- 

 tions of men's minds. Since, according to the 

 philosophy of force, progress is only realized by 

 foreign wars, progress would never have taken 

 place, because speaking properly, there have never 

 been any foreign wars. 



Another error of the philosophy of force is its 



failure to recognize the true nature of war, to 



, which it ascribes such important results. War is in 



[reality a process of dissociation. It corresponds 



to disease, which is a rupture of equilibrium in 



biology. The nature of war as a process of dis- 



