Survival of Backward Races 143 



namely the struggle of race with race, and the survival 

 of the physically and mentally fitter race. If men 

 want to know whether the lower races of man can 

 evolve a higher type, I fear the only course is to leave 

 them to fight it out among themselves.^ 



Again, the advocates of the cataclysmic theory 

 fail to see not only the slow and invisible causes of 

 social progress but also the real effects of war 

 between races. Instead of exterminating the 

 so-called "inferior" races, conquest by a race of - 

 superior civilization often gives them an added 

 chance of survival. Thus the number of Indians 

 in the United States, according to the census 

 returns,^ is now rapidly increasing. The taking 

 over of the PhiHppines by the United States has 

 given the Filipinos an added chance of survival, 

 not on account of the dramatic events of war, 

 but on account of those gradual and effective but 

 invisible processes of education and sanitation, 

 the persistent, undramatic work of missionaries 

 and teachers, scientists and engineers. 



The cessation of warfare between the peoples of 

 India, the introduction of railways and modem 

 distributing systems, with the consequent abolition 

 of famine, the spread of education and a knowledge 



' Quoted by J. A. Hobson in Imperialism, pp. 141, 142. 



' The number of Indians in the United States increased from 

 248,253 in 1890 to 265,683 in 1910. This increase of 17,430 rep- 

 resents a gain of 7 per cent, during the last twenty year period. 

 See Indian Population in the United States and Alaska, Govern- 

 ment Printing OflBce, Washington, 19 15, p. 10. 



