204 Declining Effectiveness of Force 



of the Philippines, it has only been as a police 

 force, which neutralized the military force of 

 aggression of the various warring tribes, and thus 

 left the field free for the real forces — economic, 

 political, and intellectual — of social progress. Nor 

 is it true to say that organization cannot be ac- 

 complished without collective homicide. There 

 are many other means of bringing about the pro- 

 cess of education and organization, as illustrated 

 in the work of the Jesuits in South America, and of 

 the missionaries in other parts of the world. On 

 the other hand, homicide may be practised during 

 many years without leading to any organization. 



In general, there are two kinds of political union 

 which result from conquest, the one real, and the 

 other artificial. Real union can only be obtained 

 by justice and the action of social forces. Physical 

 force produces only artificial unions, which tend 

 to break up at every instant. They result in 

 an enfeeblement of life, both for the conquerors 

 and for the conquered, as long as they last. Ex- 

 amples of these artificial unions are the union 

 of Germany and Alsace-Lorraine, of Russia and 

 Poland, of Austria and the Trentino, of Hungary 

 and Transylvania. Far from being force which 

 creates the State, it may be said that the strength 

 of a State is in inverse proportion to the amount 

 of force which was used at its foundation. 



One of the occasions on which force is supposed 

 to have been politically effective was in the 

 abolition of slavery in the United States. But 



