230 The Intellectual Revolution 



disappears. The two elements, force and justice, 

 are inversely proportional in any social structure. 



In returning to the true path of social progress, 

 the path of justice, we are returning to the social 

 teachings of Darwin. Darwin's whole theory of 

 social progress is based on the moral law, the 

 foundation of which he states as the principle of 

 reciprocity: "As ye would that men should do to 

 you, do ye to them likewise."' The task of re- 

 construction, then, depends primarily upon an 

 intellectual revolution. We must not only over- 

 throw the false philosophy of force, but we must 

 enthrone in its place the true philosophy of social, 

 political, and international justice. 



It is, of course, apparent that however great the 

 favouring conditions, such an intellectual revolu- 

 tion cannot accomplish itself, but must be the 

 result of hard intellectual work, of the contribu- 

 tions of many minds who come to the task from 

 all the fields of human interest. The reconstruc- 

 tion of social theories upon the sounder foundations 

 of co-operation, justice, and the moral law can 

 only take place by the same process of conscious 

 intellectual effort by which the anti-social, anti- 

 scientific, and anti-democratic philosophy of force 

 which we have been studying was established. 

 Nietzsche has outlined for us the sj'-stematic intel- 

 lectual process by which the false philosophy of 

 force, which has played such havoc with the social 

 structure of mankind, was established: 



* Darwin, The Descent of Man, chap, iv., p. 142. 



