An Army of Social Reform 237 



from the philosophy of force, the study of military 

 and political events as the chief factor in evolution, 

 and is tracing instead the true History of Civiliza- 

 tion. This new school of history is beginning to 

 find a clear guiding principle in Kant's theory of 

 universal history as the growth of a world com- 

 munity, reconciling the freedom of individuals and 

 of individual nations with the accomplishment of 

 a common aim for mankind as a whole. ^ 



In political science, especially, an unprecedented 

 advance may be expected to result from replacing 

 the false principle of force by the true principle 

 of justice as the foundation of States. 



From the practical application of philosophy, 

 logic, ^ and ethics to social problems in the light of 

 Darwin's theory of the moral law as the basis of 

 all social progress, we may expect an indispensable 

 strengthening of the intellectual foundations upon 

 which must rest democracy, and the morality and 

 rational religion of the future. 



When we understand how the distortion of the 

 false philosophy of force has spread all through the 

 social structure,^ we shall realize that all social 



' See F. S. Marvin, The Living Past: a Sketch of Western Pro- 

 gress, Oxford University Press, 19 13, and Philip Van Ness 

 Myers, History as Past Ethics. Ginn and Company, 1913. 



' See John M. Robertson, Letters on Reasoning, Watts & Co., 

 London, 1905, for illustrations of how non-academic logic may 

 contribute to social progress, and for a summary of the work 

 hy Jevons and others which has been done already in this 

 field. 



3 See Chapter VIII., "Force and the Social Structure," for a 

 number of illustrations of this distortion. 



