252 Force and the Social Structure 



various national types into the cut-throat struggle of 

 competing empires. 



- Not only does aggressive Imperialism defeat the 

 movement towards internationalism by fostering ani- 

 mosities between competing empires : its attack upon 

 the liberties and the existence of weaker or lower races 

 stimulates in them a corresponding excess of national 



I self-consciousness. A nationahsm that bristles with 

 resentment and is all astrain with the passion of self- 

 defence is only less perverted from its natural genius 

 than the nationalism which glows with the animus 

 of greed and self-aggrandizement at the expense of 

 others. . . . 



The new policy has exercised the most notable 

 and formidable influence upon the conscious state- 

 craft of the nations which indulge in it. While pro- 

 ducing for popular consumption doctrines of national 

 destiny, and imperial missions of civiUzation, con- 

 tradictory in their true import, but subsidiary to one 

 another as supports of popular ImperiaHsm, it has 

 evolved a calculating, greedy type of Machiavellianism 

 entitled " real-politik " in Germany, where it was made, 

 which has remodelled the whole art of diplomacy and 

 has erected national aggrandizement without pity or 

 scruple as the conscious motive force of foreign policy. 

 Earth hunger and the scramble for markets are 

 responsible for the openly avowed repudiation of 

 treaty obligations which Germany, Russia, and 

 England have not scrupled to defend. The sliding 

 scale of diplomatic language, hinterland, sphere of 

 interests, sphere of influence, paramountcy, suzerainty, 

 protectorate, veiled or open, leading up to acts of 

 forcible seizure or annexation which sometimes 

 continue to be hidden under "lease," "rectification of 



