372 Justice and the Expansion of Life 



ness is impossible without universal justice and 

 universal association. 



The biological analogue of justice is organiza- 

 tion. Organization begins in multi-cellular bodies 

 by differentiation of function and division of 

 labour. Obviously division of labour involves 

 exchange. But equity is an essential condition of 

 exchange. If the service rendered and the service 

 received are not equivalent, one part is hyper- 

 trophied and the other atrophied; association 

 ceases. In sociological terms exchange without 

 justice is exploitation. And just as equity of ex- 

 change is one of the first conditions of life, so 

 justice is the necessary condition for society. 



Similarly we may compare justice with health. 

 A person or a state is healthy when vital intensity 

 is at its maximum. Justice produces that con- 

 dition. If we compare Russia with Switzerland, 

 we note that political assassinations are every-day 

 occurrences in Russia; the most extreme precau- 

 tions must be taken to preserve the life of the 

 Czar. In Switzerland peace reigns and disorder 

 is unknown, which amounts to saying that Switz- 

 erland is socially healthy while Russian injustice 

 has led to social disease. 



Unemployment is another form of social disease, 

 due to injustice. There is work enough to be done. 

 The Russian soil is perhaps the richest in the world, 

 but is unexploited because foreign citizens and 

 foreign capital do not feel sufficiently secure 

 there. Australia makes slow progress because 



