From Anarchy to a League of Peace 381 



security on the other, is bringing the project for 

 a League of Peace down from the realm of aca- 

 demic discussion into the region of practical 

 politics. 



Such a League of Peace, even though it be lim- 

 ited to an agreement of the signatory powers not 

 to begin hostilities before the question in dispute 

 has been referred to an International Court of Jus- 

 tice or an International Council of Investigation 

 and Conciliation, will lay the secure foundations 

 upon which the structure of world organization 

 may be built. The creation of such an agree- 

 ment inevitably involves the establishment of a 

 World Court of Justice. It involves creating the 

 international law which this court shall administer, 

 and some method for enforcing the agreement in 

 case it is violated by any of the signatory powers. 

 In other words the establishment of a League of 

 Peace leads inevitably to the development of all 

 three elements of world government, the judicial, 

 the legislative, and the executive functions. 



Such a League of Peace would not abolish force 

 as a factor in human relations, but it would pro- 

 foundly modify the conditions under which force is 

 used, transforming it from the violent part it plays 

 under the present conditions of international an- 

 archy into a true police force used under the direction 

 of law and in behalf of a universal conception of 

 justice. Even though the force employed may 

 be composed at first of co-operating national armies 

 and navies, its essential characteristics would 



