Solution of the Problem of Misery 387 



hours; and (3) the preparation of another huge 

 military machine in order not to be despoiled in 

 their turn. 



The problem of misery will be solved only when 

 men renounce the last two modes of activity, in 

 order to concentrate solely upon the first. There 

 is no other way of procuring the welfare of human- 

 ity, except to cease massacring and despoiling and 

 focus all our energies upon production. But this 

 means replacing international anarchy by juridical 

 relations, that is to say, forming a League of Peace 

 as the first step towards world federation. In its 

 essence this implies the substitution of solidarity 

 for hostility because solidarity and federation are 

 synonymous terms. Solidarity is, of course, an 

 empty word unless it is translated into action ; and 

 such action must consist in due respect for the rights 

 of all members of our human society, which is to 

 say, — world federation under a system of justice. 



The political advantages of federation are almost 

 equally important. The object of political organ- 

 ization is to obtain for the individual security for 

 his life and his property. The federation of the 

 world will mark the first time in the history of the 

 hiiman race when political security has been com- 

 plete. The attempt to obtain security by sheer 

 bulldog piling up of armaments on the basis of the 

 unilateral aberration has broken down completely 

 in Europe, where casualty lists running into the 

 millions, and national debts of tens of billions of 

 dollars, with income taxes exceeding in many cases 



